Provided by: fdclone_3.01b-1build1_amd64 
NAME
fd - file & directory maintenance tool
SYNOPSIS
fd [ -abCefhiklmNnPrSsTtuvx ] [ -NAME=value ] [ directory [ directory2 ... ]]
fdsh [ -abCcefhiklmNnPrSsTtuvx ] [ args ]
DESCRIPTION
Fd is a file & directory maintenance tool considered for the text terminals on general UNIX. It aims for
a clone of the same named utility which is made for the PC/AT compatible machine and PC-9800 series. In
fact, it is upper compatible functionally.
Fd shows the browser screen listing files when you have invoked it. You can input some key which is
bound each command, to execute various operations.
(In the following description, (UNIX) means that the operation is implemented only on UNIX version and
not effective on MS-DOS version. As well as it, (DOS) means that the operation is implemented only on
MS-DOS version.)
Options
The command line option is used for setting internal shell operations and setting the internal variables
described below. You can use any variable name as the internal variable, but fd can accept only those
which are described in the below section of ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES. If you specify directory, the current
directory is moved to the directory initially. If you specify directory2 ..., the split window mode is
invoked, and the current directories of the supplemental windows are moved to the each directory.
The following options are available for the internal shell.
-c string
Commands described by string are executed and exit immediately. It is effective only when it is
invoked as fdsh.
-i If the -i flag is present or if the standard input/output is a terminal, the shell is the
interactive shell.
-s If the -s flag is present or if no args is specified, commands for the shell are read from the
standard input. Any remaining argument specifies the positional parameter.
-r The shell is a restricted shell. Specifically, the following operations are disallowed.
changing the current directory
setting the value of $PATH, $SHELL and $ENV
specifying command names include /
redirecting output (> and >>)
IN_DIR OUT_DIR LOG_TOP
LOG_DIR ATTR_FILE COPY_FILE
MOVE_FILE DELETE_FILE DELETE_DIR
RENAME_FILE MAKE_DIR WRITE_DIR
TREE_DIR BACKUP_TAPE EDIT_FILE
UNPACK_FILE PACK_FILE LOG_TREE
COPY_TREE MOVE_TREE UNPACK_TREE
FIND_DIR ATTR_DIR
When invoked as rfd or rfdsh, it becomes this restricted shell automatically.
-l The shell is a login shell.
-N Reading the initial configuration files is omitted.
In addition, the options described below in the description of set the builtin command are available.
Screen Layout
Fd has the 3 major screen modes. In the browser screen, you can select from the file list and execute
each command. In the archive browser screen, files in the archive file are listed separately by
directory, and you can browse as well as the browser screen. In the tree screen, you can move on the
directory tree and select the directory path.
In all screen modes, each 3 lines on the top/bottom of the screen are used for the various information of
fd. The top information lines sometimes become 4 lines. The screen layout is the following.
line# Description
1 The title line. The clock at the right end is updated every 10 seconds.
2 The information line. It displays information in this order: the current page (and the total
pages), the number of marks (ant the total marks), the sorted type, the pattern string for file
search.
3 The path line. It displays the fullpath of the current directory. In the archive browser
screen, it displays the fullpath of the archive file and the current path in the archive.
2 (optional)
The file size information line. It displays the total size of the marked files in the
directory (and the total size of all files), the total capacity and the free size of the file
system including the current directory. This line appears by SIZEINFO the internal variable
setting. When this line is displayed, The information line and the path line are displayed 1
line under each.
bottom - 2
The stack line. It displays files temporarily which you push in stack, when arranging files.
bottom - 1
The function line. It displays the operations of function keys.
bottom The status line. It displays the status of the file on the cursor position. It also displays
warning messages when command is executed with some troubles.
Internal Commands
You can use the following internal commands on fd. While any user can change the key binding for these
internal commands, here shows the default key binding. The identifier is used when it is executed from
the command line of EXECUTE_SH command, and when the user defines the key binding.
Identifier Command Key
CUR_UP Move a cursor up Up
CUR_DOWN Move a cursor down Down
CUR_RIGHT Move a cursor right Right
CUR_LEFT Move a cursor left Left
ROLL_UP Turn ahead to the next page PageDown
ROLL_DOWN Turn back to the prev. page PageUp
CUR_TOP Move a cursor top Beg(<)
CUR_BOTTOM Move a cursor bottom Eol(>)
FNAME_RIGHT Shift right a filename (
FNAME_LEFT Shift left a filename )
ONE_COLUMN Change layout into 1 column 1
TWO_COLUMNS Change layout into 2 columns 2
THREE_COLUMNS Change layout into 3 columns 3
FIVE_COLUMNS Change layout into 5 columns 5
MARK_FILE Mark a file Tab
MARK_FILE2 Mark and move down Space
MARK_FILE3 Mark and move in a page ^Space(^@)
MARK_ALL Mark all files Home(+)
MARK_REVERSE Mark all files reversely End(-)
MARK_FIND Mark the matched files ∗
IN_DIR Change to a sub directory Return
OUT_DIR Change to a parent directory Bs
LOG_TOP Change to a root directory \
REREAD_DIR Reread the current directory ^L
PUSH_FILE Push a file to the stack Del(])
POP_FILE Pop a file from the stack Ins([)
LOG_DIR Change to a logical directory F1(l)
EXECUTE_FILE Execute a file F2(x)
COPY_FILE Copy a file F3(c)
DELETE_FILE Delete a file F4(d)
RENAME_FILE Rename a file F5(r)
SORT_DIR Sort the current directory F6(s)
FIND_FILE Find files F7(f)
TREE_DIR Display the tree screen F8(t)
EDIT_FILE Edit a file F9(e)
UNPACK_FILE Unpack a file F10(u)
ATTR_FILE Change a file attribute F11(a)
INFO_FILESYS Display a file system info. F12(i)
MOVE_FILE Move a file F13(m)
DELETE_DIR Delete a directory F14(D)
MAKE_DIR Make a directory F15(k)
EXECUTE_SH Execute a child process F16(h)
WRITE_DIR Write a displayed directory F17(w)
BACKUP_TAPE Backup into a tape F18(b)
VIEW_FILE View a file F19(v)
PACK_FILE Pack a file F20(p)
LOG_TREE Change directory with tree L
COPY_TREE Copy a file with tree C
MOVE_TREE Move a file with tree M
UNPACK_TREE Unpack a file with tree U
FIND_DIR Find a file recursively F
ATTR_DIR Change attributes recursively A
SYMLINK_MODE Switch the symbolic link mode S
FILETYPE_MODE Switch the file type symbol T
DOTFILE_MODE Switch the dot file display H
FILEFLG_MODE Switch the file flag display O
LAUNCH_FILE Invoke the launcher Return
SEARCH_FORW Search forward a file ^S
SEARCH_BACK Search backward a file ^R
SPLIT_WINDOW Split into the windows /
NEXT_WINDOW Change to the next window ^
WIDEN_WINDOW Widen the current window W
NARROW_WINDOW Narrow the current window N
KILL_WINDOW Kill the current window K
EDIT_CONFIG Invoke the customizer E
HELP_MESSAGE Display a help screen ?
QUIT_SYSTEM Quit from fd Esc(q)
WARNING_BELL Bell for warning
NO_OPERATION Do nothing
The last 2 internal commands are used when you want change the default key binding to cancel.
Internal Commands Description
The detail of each internal command is the following. Internal commands with similar function are
described together.
Move cursor
Move a cursor.
Turn page
Turn to the previous/next page, when files are not completely held in a screen. Also if you try
to move out of the page with Cursor move, the page will be turned.
Move to the top/bottom
Move a cursor to the top/bottom of the file list. When the list is not held in a screen, the
page is turned.
Shift filename
Shift the displayed string of filename on the cursor position, when the filename is longer than
the prepared column width. It is displayed as shifted to right/left by 1 character. The display
of the status line is also shifted simultaneously.
Change layout
Change the number of columns into each value. There are usually 2 columns per screen. As the
column width per file is changed according to the number of columns, the displayed information is
also changed.
Mark file
Mark the file on the cursor position. You cannot mark any directory. [Space] marks and moves
down a cursor. [^Space] also marks and moves down a cursor, but doesn't turn the page. [Home]
marks all the files, [End] marks all the files reversely. [∗] additionally marks the file which
matches the wildcard. You must input the wildcard string whenever you push [∗].
Marked files are used as the target of ATTR_FILE, COPY_FILE, DELETE_FILE, MOVE_FILE, UNPACK_FILE
and the user defined command macros.
Change directory
[Return] changes the current directory to the directory on the cursor position. If you want to
change it to the parent directory, you should move a cursor to the file of ".." and push
[Return], or simply push [Bs]. [\] changes the current directory to the root directory.
Push/pop file stack
[Del] pushes the file on the cursor position to the file stack, and temporarily deletes the file
from the file list screen. You can push files to the file stack up to 5 files.
[Ins] pops the file from the file stack and insert it on the cursor position. The last pushed
file is popped first. But this order is expediently displayed in fd, and it is reset by
Directory move.
Redraw screen
Redraw the file list screen by rereading the information of the current directory. It is useful
when some other process add/delete files, or when something break the screen display.
Moreover, when you use the terminal which doesn't raise SIGWINCH signal at changing the screen
size (like kterm(1) on HP-UX etc.), you must intentionally redraw after you change the screen
size.
Change logical directory (Logdir)
Change the current directory to the inputted pathname. When you input the pathname which starts
with '/', it means not the relative move but the absolute move.
When you input the pathname ".", the pathname of the current directory is adjusted into absolute
expression. Except this case, the current directory always is shown as the virtual pathname, by
reason of a link and so on. When you input the pathname "?", you can move to the current
directory when fd was invoked. When you input the pathname "-", you can move to the last visited
directory.
Moreover, When you input the pathname "@" in floppy drive, you can move to the directory on UNIX
file system, where you existed before moving to floppy drive. (UNIX)
(Note: This command is called as "Loddsk" in the original FD on MS-DOS, which is short for
"LOGical DiSK drive". This "logical" means the drive name prefixed to pathnames, and it is
virtually named against "physical disk drive". On UNIX, since "logical disk drive" never means
pathname nor directory, this command name "Change logical directory" is not suitable. But this
name is expediently inherited from the original version.)
Execute file (eXec)
Execute the file on the cursor position with some parameters, as the child process. The cursor
position in command line exists after the filename in case of the executable file, and before the
filename except it. You should fill suitable parameters or command name in each case. The
up/down cursor keys can provide the command history which you executed before.
On MS-DOS version, the LFN form filename in the command line which is quoted with the quotation
mark " is automatically replaced into 8+3 form filename before execution. In this case, when
there is the filename described by the string quoted with ", this string is always replaced into
8+3 form filename after deleting ", otherwise it is never replaced including ".
Copy file (Copy)
Copy the file on the cursor position to the specified directory. When the cursor position
indicates a directory, its contents are copied recursively. When some files are marked, the
target is not the file on the cursor position but the marked files.
When the same named file exists in the destination, you can select the operation from the
following: "Update (by timestamp)", "Rename (each copied file)", "Overwrite",
"Not_copy_the_same_name", "Forward". If you select "Forward", you should specify the directory
as the destination to forward. All files which have the same names are moved to the specified
directory.
Delete file (Delete)
Delete the file on the cursor position. No directory can be deleted. When some files are
marked, the target is not the file on the cursor position but the marked files.
When you don't have write permission on the file, you are confirmed for security.
Rename file (Rename)
Rename the file on the cursor position. You cannot rename to the same name as any existent file.
When you specify the pathname with some directory name, it is also moved to the directory.
Sort file (Sort)
Sort files in the current directory. You can select the sorted type from the following:
"fileName", "Extension", "Size", "Timestamp", "Length (of filename)", and specify "Up
(incremental order)" or "Down (decremental order)". When the sorted type before sorting is the
one except "No chg (not sort)", the choice will include "No chg". When you sort after sorting
another sorted type, the previous sorted result is based in sorting. This sorting has a priority
except specified type, the directory is always precedes any file, except for the case of "No
chg". In case of "Length", files which have the same filename length are sorted in order of
their names.
But this sorting is expediently displayed in fd, and it is reset by Directory move.
Find file (Find)
Find the files matching the wildcard, and display only them. The filename which starts with '.'
doesn't match the wildcard which starts with '∗' nor '?'. If you want to cancel the File find,
you should move the current directory, or do FIND_FILE again and input a null line.
When the current directory has the files which have the extension registered to associate with an
archive browser, the string which starts with '/' is used to find not the filename but the
filename in archive files, and only the archive files which contain matched files are displayed.
This function is available in the archive browser.
After Find file, you can not do WRITE_DIR.
Display tree screen (Tree)
Display the directory tree based on the current directory. You can select the directory in the
tree screen, to move the current directory.
Edit file (Editor)
Edit the file on the cursor position. The editor is used referring EDITOR the internal variable,
or referring EDITOR the environment variable when the internal variable is undefined.
Unpack file (Unpack)
Unpack the archive file on the cursor position into the specified directory. In builtin
configuration, you can unpack only the tar file and its compressed file and the LHa compressed
file. You can describe configurations in the initial configuration file to support archivers
except these.
Change attribute (Attr)
Change the file access mode, the timestamp and the owner/group of the file on the cursor
position. When some files are marked, the target is not the file on the cursor position but the
marked files. In case of the marked files, you must select the mode, the timestamp or the
owner/group, before changing it all together.
When you input the mode, cursor keys move a cursor to the position you want to change, [Space]
reverses the attribute on the position. You should notice that the attribute of the execution
bit is not a binary toggle but a triple toggle, which includes setuid bit, setgid bit and sticky
bit respectively. If the target is the marked files, [m](Mask) will mask a bit on the cursor
position with '*', to keep the value of the original file attribute. When you input the
timestamp, you move a cursor to the position you want to change, and input a numeric value. When
you input the owner/group, you move a cursor to the position for each name, and input a name or a
ID value with [Space]. You can use the completion for a user name and a group name to input each
name. Finally, [Return] executes the change. You can cancel with [Esc]. Be careful that the
limit check of date is not perfect.
Moreover, [a](Attr), [d](Date), [t](Time), [o](Owner) and [g](Group) move a cursor to the each
beginning of input line.
On the OS which has the attribute of file flags, you can change the file flags as well as the
mode. In this case, [f](Flag) move a cursor to the beginning of input line of file flags. But
the value of flags which you can change is based on your permission.
File system information (Info)
Display the information of the specified file system. When the inputted pathname is not the
special file which indicates a file system, the information of the file system including the
pathname is displayed.
Move file (Move)
Move the file on the cursor position to the specified directory. When the cursor position
indicates a directory, the directory itself is moved. When some files are marked, the target is
not the file on the cursor position but the marked files.
When the same named file exists in the destination, you can select the operation as well as
COPY_FILE. When the destination belongs to the different file system, copy and delete are just
executed continuously.
Delete directory (rmDir)
Delete the directory on the cursor position recursively. When the directory in a symbolic link,
only the link is deleted and the linked directory has no effect.
Make directory (mKdir)
Make the sub directory on the current directory. When the inputted sub directory string includes
'/', which is the pathname delimiter, it goes on making directory recursively until the directory
described by the string is finally created.
When you input the pathname which starts with '/', the directory is made not on the current
directory but on the absolute path described.
Execute child process (sHell)
Execute the inputted command string as the child process, by handling the internal shell. You
can refer the command history and use automatic LFN replacement, as well as EXECUTE_FILE. When
you push only [Return] without any input, the user shell which is described by SHELL the internal
variable or the environment variable is invoked. In this case, you should input "exit" to return
to fd. When the value of SHELL is fdsh, the internal shell is executed as the interactive shell.
However, when there is the same command name as a builtin command or a internal command, the
builtin command or the internal command are executed instead of the external command. You can
refer the clause of `Builtin Commands' for the details of the builtin command.
Write directory (Write)
Write the displayed directory. The gap between files on the directory entry is filled. When it
is executed after arranged by PUSH_FILE, POP_FILE and SORT_DIR, the result is written.
When the displayed directory doesn't belong to the hierarchy under your home directory, you are
confirmed for security whether if any other user doesn't use the directory. Since it is
insecure, you cannot write the NFS mounted directory and some special directories.
If you execute the internal command which arranges the file order, and then try to execute the
internal command which will break that order, you will be confirmed whether if you write the
directory or not, just before the internal command is executed. For this function, you can write
the directory without intentionally executing this Directory write command. But when the
displayed directory is not under your home directory, this confirmation is not done.
Backup tape (Backup)
Backup the file on the cursor position into the specified storage device. When the cursor
position indicates a directory, all of its contents is backuped. When some files are marked, the
target is not the file on the cursor position but the marked files.
Tar(1) is used for backup. When you specify the filename except special files indicates devices
as input of the device name, the archive file is created with that filename.
View file (View)
View the file on the cursor position. The pager is used referring PAGER the internal variable,
or referring PAGER the environment variable when the internal variable is undefined.
Pack file (Pack)
Pack the file on the cursor position into the specified archive file. When the cursor position
indicates a directory, all of its contents is packed into the archive file. When some files are
marked, the target is not the file on the cursor position but the marked files.
According to the extension of the inputted archive file, the associated archiver is automatically
selected. In builtin configuration, you can pack only the tar file and its compressed file and
the LHa compressed file. You can describe configurations in the initial configuration file to
support archivers except these.
When you use tar(1), you may sometimes be unable to pack a lot of files at once, because of the
maximum parameter length which can be given at once. In those case, you can create the archive
file with BACKUP_TAPE.
Operations with tree
[L], [C], [M] and [U] can make you select the pathname from the directory tree instead of the
string input. They execute the internal command equivalent to LOG_DIR, COPY_FILE, MOVE_FILE and
UNPACK_FILE, respectively.
Find file recursively
Find the file matching the wildcard recursively under the current directory, and move the
directory where the found file exists. When the cursor position indicates a directory, it find
the file under the directory on the cursor position instead of the current directory.
You will be confirmed for each matching file whether if you move or not, and you can select
[n](No) unless the target file is displayed.
Change attributes recursively
Change attributes the directory on the cursor position revursively. As well as changing
attributes of the marked files, you must select the mode, the timestamp or the owner/group,
before changing it all together with each file under the directory.
When you input the mode, you should notice that the attribute of the execution bit is not a
triple toggle but a 5-states toggle, which includes 'X' and '!'. 'X' means setting the bit only
if the object is a directory or some execution bits are set. '!' also means unsetting the bit
only if the object is a directory or some execution bits are set. [m](Mask) will mask a bit on
the cursor position with '*', to keep the value of the original file attribute.
Invoke launcher
[Return] executes the operation according to the extension of the file on the cursor position,
unless the cursor position indicates a directory. In builtin configuration, the archive browser
is registered with the tar file and its compressed file and the LHa compressed file. You can
describe configurations in the initial configuration file to register launchers except these.
When the file on the cursor position has the unregistered extension, it will behave as same as
VIEW_FILE. In the archive browser, the registered launcher is available, so that you can invoke
the archive browser recursively.
Switch symbolic link mode
In case of the symbolic link file, the file information displayed in the file column and the
status line shows not the status of its referential file but the status of the link itself. It
switches to show the status of the referential file. (UNIX)
In the mode of showing the status of the referential file, 'S'(Symbolic Link) is displayed on the
left end of the function line.
Switch file type symbol mode
Switch to display the symbol which means the file type after the filename in the file list, like
as the display in -F option of ls(1). It is toggle to switch if display the symbol or not. The
each symbol means the following.
/ directory
@ symbolic link
∗ executable file
= socket
⎪ FIFO
(MS-DOS version and the floppy drive)
/ directory
∗ executable file
= system file
⎪ label
In the mode of displaying the file type symbol, 'T'(Type) is displayed on the left end of the
function line.
Switch dot file display mode
Switch not to display the file whose filename starts with '.' in the file list. It is toggle to
switch if display the dot file or not.
In the mode of not displaying the dot file, 'H'(Hidden) is displayed on the left end of the
function line.
Switch file flag display mode
Switch to display the file flag, which exists in some OS, instead of the file mode on each file.
It is toggle to switch if display the file flag or the file mode. This is not available on any
OS without the file flag. The each symbol means the following respectively. (UNIX)
A Archived
N Nodump
a system Append-only
c system unChangeable (immutable)
u system Undeletable
a user Append-only
c user unChangeable (immutable)
u user Undeletable
In the mode of displaying the file flag, 'F'(Flags) is displayed on the left end of the function
line.
Search file
Search the current directory incrementally for the filename, with moving a cursor. When you
execute this command, to switch to the search mode, a prompt appears in the function line. You
can input the filename in this prompt, and a cursor will move to the filename matching the string
which is already inputted at that present. [Esc] switches to the normal mode.
Split window
Split the current window. When you split a window in the normal non-split window mode, it will
be the split window mode in which the screen is split into 2 windows vertically. In the split
window mode, you can operate works individually on each window. When you split a window in the
split window mode, the current working window is split into 2 windows vertically. You can make
split windows up to 5.
Change window
Change effective window to the next in the split window mode. When the current window is the
last, the first window will be effective. In the non-split window mode, it is ineffective.
Widen window
Widen the current window size in the split window mode, to narrow the next window size. When the
current window is the last, the first window size will be narrowed. In the non-split window
mode, it is ineffective.
Narrow window
Narrow the current window size in the split window mode, to widen the next window size. When the
current window is the last, the first window size will be widened. In the non-split window mode,
it is ineffective.
Kill window
Kill the current window in the split window mode, to join it to the previous window. When the
current window is the first, it will be joined to the last window. If the result number of
windows is one, it will be the non-split window mode. In the non-split window mode, it is
ineffective.
Invoke customizer
Invoke the customizer which interactively changes the configurations to be set up by the internal
variable and the builtin command. While the configurations which is set up here is reflected
immediately, you must intentionally save configurations in the customizer if you want to reflect
in the initial configuration file.
Display help
Display the list of the current key bindings and their command descriptions. When the list is
not completely held in a screen, it prompts for every screen.
In case of the circulated executable binary file, this screen shows the E-mail address of the
circulation manager in the function line. Please contact here when something will happen.
Quit (Quit)
Quit from fd.
Commands
In EXECUTE_SH and the initial configuration file, you can use the internal commands described above and
the builtin commands described below, as well as the external commands. With these commands, a pipeline
can consist of one or more commands separated by ⎪ or ⎪&. ⎪ connects the standard output of the previous
command to the standard input of the next command. ⎪& connects both the standard output and the standard
error output of the previous command to the standard input of the next command. The exit status of a
pipeline is the exit status of the last command. You can start a pipeline with !, then the exit status
of a pipeline will be the logical NOT of the exit status of the last command. Moreover, a command list
can consist of one or more pipelines separated by ;, &, &⎪, &&, ⎪⎪. This command list can end with ;, &
or &⎪. These separators mean the following.
; Execute commands sequentially.
& Execute commands synchronously, not waiting for the preceding pipeline to finish. (UNIX)
&⎪ Same as &, except to immediately disown the job. (UNIX)
&& Execute the following pipeline only if the preceding pipeline returns a 0 exit status.
⎪⎪ Execute the following pipeline only if the preceding pipeline returns a non-0 exit status.
In these command lists, a newline means as same as ;.
The input/output of each command in the command list can be redirected with the following redirectees.
These redirectees can be placed on any position in the command string.
n<file Redirect the input indicated by the file descriptor n into the input from file. If n is
omitted, it is regarded as the standard input is specified.
n>file Redirect the output indicated by the file descriptor n into the output to file. If n is
omitted, it is regarded as the standard output is specified. If file doesn't exist it is
created, otherwise it is truncated to 0 length before output.
n>⎪file Same as >, except to force to overwrite existent files even if -C option is set by set the
builtin command.
n>>file Redirect the output indicated by the file descriptor n into the output to file. If n is
omitted, it is regarded as the standard output is specified. If file doesn't exist it is
created, otherwise output is appended to it.
n1<&n2 Redirect the input indicated by the file descriptor n1 into the input indicated by the file
descriptor n2. If n1 is omitted, it is regarded as the standard input is specified.
n1>&n2 Redirect the output indicated by the file descriptor n1 into the output indicated by the
file descriptor n2. If n1 is omitted, it is regarded as the standard output is specified.
&>file Redirect both the standard output and the standard error output into the output to file. If
file doesn't exist it is created, otherwise it is truncated to 0 length before output.
&>⎪file Same as &>, except to force to overwrite existent files even if -C option is set by set the
builtin command.
&>>file Redirect both the standard output and the standard error output into the output to file. If
file doesn't exist it is created, otherwise output is appended to it.
n<>file Redirect both the input/output indicated by the file descriptor n into the input/output
from/to file. If n is omitted, it is regarded as the standard input is specified.
n><file Redirect both the input/output indicated by the file descriptor n into the input/output
from/to file. If n is omitted, it is regarded as the standard output is specified.
n1<>&n2 Redirect both the input/output indicated by the file descriptor n1 into the input/output
indicated by the file descriptor n2. If n1 is omitted, it is regarded as the standard input
is specified.
n1><&n2 Redirect both the input/output indicated by the file descriptor n1 into the input/output
indicated by the file descriptor n2. If n1 is omitted, it is regarded as the standard
output is specified.
n<-
n<&- Close the input indicated by the file descriptor n. If n is omitted, it is regarded as the
standard input is specified.
n>-
n>&- Close the output indicated by the file descriptor n. If n is omitted, it is regarded as the
standard output is specified.
n<>-
n<>&- Close both the input/output indicated by the file descriptor n. If n is omitted, it is
regarded as the standard input is specified.
n><-
n><&- Close both the input/output indicated by the file descriptor n. If n is omitted, it is
regarded as the standard output is specified.
n<<[-]word
Redirect the input indicated by the file descriptor n into the input which is read up to a
input line as same as word, or to an end of file. If any part of word is quoted, no input
line is evaluated. Otherwise, each input line is evaluated to expand variables or replace
strings. When you specify -, all tabs on the beginning of input lines is stripped to be
send to a command. If n is omitted, it is regarded as the standard input is specified.
When you specify the file with each redirect, you can describe the filename as `scheme://host:port' form
to open the following TCP sockets, according to the string of scheme. The authentication of your OS will
restrict specifying the accepting port. (UNIX)
connect://host:port
This socket is connected to the remote host specified by host with the TCP port number
specified by port.
accept://[host][:port]
This socket is accepted to the local host specified by host with the TCP port number
specified by port. If host is omitted, this socket will be accepted to any host. If port
is omitted, the port within the range determined by the OS is used.
bind://[host][:port]
This socket is bound to the local host specified by host with the TCP port number specified
by port, preparing accept the builtin command. If host is omitted, this socket will be
accepted to any host. If port is omitted, the port within the range determined by the OS is
used.
On each command line, the string from '#' to the end of line and a null line are ignored. When the line
ends with '\', it is referred as continuing into the next line, so that you can split a long line with
this.
Builtin Commands
Fd has the following builtin commands. These builtin commands can be used in EXECUTE_SH and the initial
configuration file.
if list then [elif list then list] ... [else list] fi
The list of if clause and elif clauses are executed in order, and if each exit status is a
0, then the list of then clause associated with it is executed and the elif clauses after
it are ignored. If no list of if clause nor elif clauses return a 0, the list of else
clause is executed. If no list of then clauses nor else clause is executed, then if
returns a 0 exit status.
while list do list done
The list of while clause is executed repeatedly, and while its exit status is 0, the list
of do clause is executed repeatedly. If the list of do clause is never executed, then
while returns a 0 exit status.
until list do list done
The list of until clause is executed repeatedly, and while its exit status is NOT 0, the
list of do clause is executed repeatedly. If the list of do clause is never executed, then
until returns a 0 exit status.
for NAME [in value ...] do list done
NAME the internal variable is substituted for values of value one by one, and list is
executed according to the each value. If in value is omitted, then each positional
parameter is substituted one by one.
case word in [pattern [⎪ pattern] ... ) list ;;] ... esac
The string word is compared with the each pattern, list associated with the pattern which
first matches it is executed.
(list) Execute list in a sub shell.
{ list; } Execute list in the current shell.
NAME=[value] [com ...]
Define a internal variable which is available only in fd. It substitutes the value
(string) value for NAME the internal variable. When you describe the command com after the
definition of a variable, com is executed on the state where this variable is regarded as
the environment variable. In this case, the definition of NAME is not remain as the
environment variable nor the internal variable.
If value is omitted, the value of NAME the internal variable is defined as a null. If you
want to delete the definition of a internal variable, use unset the builtin command.
name() { list; }
Define a function whose body is list, as the name of name. The defined function can be
used in the command line of EXECUTE_SH and each command macro described below. You can use
the positional parameter $n in each description of list, which indicates the argument when
the function is invoked. $0 is name itself, and $1-$9 indicates each argument.
Although you cannot omit { } and list, you can omit { } before/after list which consists of
a single command. If you want to delete the definition of a function, use unset the
builtin command.
!num Execute the command which has the history number specified with the numeric value num.
When num is negative value, it executes the command which has the history number as the
current history number minus num.
!! Execute the previous command. This is synonym for !-1.
!str Execute the command history which starts with the string str.
: [arg ...] No effect. But it evaluates arg and performs redirection.
. file
source file Read and evaluate commands from file. File must exists on the directory which PATH
includes, or be described with pathname. The each line format is based on the format of
EXECUTE_SH. You can describe this in the file as nesting.
accept [fd] Accept the connection with the file descriptor indicated by fd, and the connected socket
will be assign to fd of the same file descriptor. At the same time, the accepted socket
will be closed. When fd is not the redirection as the form of bind://, this command will
be failed. In comparison with the redirection as the form of accept://, the shell can
receive controls before establishing connection to negotiate the TCP port number with the
remote host in advance. (UNIX)
If fd is omitted, the connection will be accepted with the standard input.
addcr [-1] [file]
Output the string read from the file specified by file, line by line. The newline of each
line is unified into CR-NL (\r\n). It is useful to pipe the output to some socket.
If file is omitted, it is regarded as the standard input is specified. If -1 is specified,
it will output just 1 line and exit.
alias [name[=com]]
Define a alias whose body is com, as the name of name. The defined alias can be used in
the command line of EXECUTE_SH and each command macro described below. The alias
substitution is performed recursively.
If com is omitted, the alias of name is displayed. If both com and name are omitted, all
the current alias definition list is displayed.
arch ext [pack unpack]
Register the archiver command associated with the archive file which has ext the extension.
The pack command is specified as pack, and the unpack command is specified as unpack, using
the macro representation quoted with ". When ext starts with /, uppercase/lowercase is
ignored in the comparison of any extension.
If both pack and unpack are omitted, the archiver command registration for ext the
extension is deleted.
bg [job] Continue the execution of the job specified with job in the background. The following
format is available to specify a job. (UNIX)
%
%+ the current job
%- the previous job
%n the job with job number n
%str the job whose command line starts with str
But, you must describe these % in the command line of EXECUTE_SH as the duplicated
expression, such as %%, for the reason of the parameter macro function described below.
If job is omitted, the current job is continued in the background.
bind c [com1 [com2] [:comment]]
Bind the command com1 to the key c. When you want to specify a control character for c,
you can prefix ^ into 2 characters, such as ^A. When you want to specify a character with
the META key (or the ALT key on MS-DOS version), you can prefix @ into 2 characters, such
as @a. When you want to specify a function key and a special key, you can use each
identifier described in keymap command after, such as F10. Or you can describe the escape
sequence, such as \n and \e, and the octal expression, such as \ooo.
In case of binding the internal command of fd, you can the command identifier as it is.
When you want to define the internal command with some arguments or define the command in
the macro representation, you should describe the string quoted with ". If com2 is not
omitted, com2 is executed when the cursor position indicates a directory. When the key c
is the function key of F1-F20, if you describe comment prefixed with : trailing the command
description, you can change the display of associated part in the function line into
comment.
However, note that, with the key binding for the control key, the configuration in the edit
mode described below is prior to the key binding.
If both com1 and com2 are omitted, the registration of key binding for the key c is
deleted.
break [n] Exit from the loop, it is used in the for statement and so on. If n is specified, it
breaks n levels from the loop.
browse [-@ file]
browse com [-ftbie arg] [-p com2] [-dn {noprep,loop}] ...
Execute com the command, and invoke the archive browser who receives its output. You
should the macro representation quoted with " as com. -f, -t, -b, -i and -e options are
the same as the one for launch the builtin command. In case that multiple coms are
specified, the next com the command is executed one after another when you select each
files in the archive browser, and the formats and patterns described after each com the
command are adopted. In order to return to the previous level of archive browser, you
should select the file named as .. or push the key [Bs]. Or you can use QUIT_SYSTEM the
command to escape from all of the archive browsers invoked by browse. You must describe -f
option, except for the last com the command. When the last com has no -f option, the
command has been just executed instead of invoking an archive browser, and then will return
to the previous archive browser when it is done.
When you specify -p option, the execution of com2 the command precedes the execution of the
next com the command when you select a file. While com is executed in the sub shell for a
pipeline, com2 is executed in the current shell to inherit the values of internal variables
set in this command after com2 has been done. The filenames which is selected toward this
level of archive browser are held in positional parameters sequentially, and the last
selected filename is held in $1. These parameters will be newly set whenever you select a
file, so that they are reset in sequential order when you select the next file even if you
replace them with set or shift the builtin command. -d and -n options specify a control if
the selected file is a directory or not respectively. When you specify noprep, com2
specified by -p option is not executed. When you specify loop, you don't step the next com
the command but the same com the command again.
And when you think troublesome to describe too many arguments for browse, you can specify
file the file in which some arguments are described with -@ option. You can describe -@
option in any place of arguments, the arguments described in file are inserted in the place
where -@ is described. If you specify - as file, arguments are read from the standard
input instead of the file. You should describe arguments in file with spaces or newlines
as separator. The null line and the line started with # will be ignored. When you
describe -@ option in file, the argument file is referred recursively.
builtin arg ...
Execute arg as a simple builtin command. When the same named function is defined, the
function will not be executed.
cd [-LP] [dir]
chdir [-LP] [dir]
Change the current directory in fd to dir. If dir is omitted, it moves to the directory
indicated by HOME the internal variable. If you specify the pathname as ".", "?", "-",
"@", it behaves like as LOG_DIR.
If -L is specified, the logical pathname following symbolic links is used. If -P is
specified, the physical pathname following no symbolic links is used. Otherwise, the
physical option for set the builtin command is effective.
checkid [file ...]
Calculate the unique ID of the specified file and display it, according to the MD5
algorithm in RFC1321. When you specify multiple files, the IDs of all specified files are
calculated and displayed. When you specify nothing, the ID of running fd itself is
displayed.
Since this algorithm is guaranteed to be secure, it is available to confirm the identity of
files.
cls Clear the screen.
command [-p | -v | -V] arg ...
Execute arg as a simple command. When the same named function is defined, the function
will not be executed. If -p is specified, the default value of PATH is used to search the
path. If -v is specified, the absolute path for arg is displayed instead of executing arg.
In this case, arg the builtin command will cause simply its name. If -V is specified,
verbose description for arg is displayed as same as type.
continue n Resume the next iteration in the loop, it is used in the for statement and so on. If n is
specified, it resumes the next iteration in the loop n - 1 levels out of the loop.
copy [-ABVY-Y] src [-AB] [+ src2 [-AB] [+ ...]] [dest [-AB]]
Copy the file indicated by src into the file or the directory indicated by dest. When dest
indicates a directory, the filename in the destination is src. If dest is omitted, it is
copied into the current directory. You can specify multiple source files by describing to
separate them with +, or by using the wildcard. When you separate them with +, those files
are concatenated and copied. When you use the wildcard, they are copied one by one in case
that the destination is a directory, and they are concatenated in case that the destination
is a file.
When you specify -A, it is treated as the ASCII text file. When you specify -B, it is
treated as the binary file. When you specify -V, it is verified to copy. When you specify
-Y, it doesn't prompts for confirming to overwrite into the destination. When you specify
--Y, it prompts for confirmation before overwriting into the destination.
(MS-DOS version requires to use / instead of - as an option prefix for compatibility with
COMMAND.COM.)
del [-P] file
erase [-P] file
Delete the files indicated by file. You can specify multiple files by using wildcard.
When you specify -P, it prompts for confirmation before deleting files.
(MS-DOS version requires to use / instead of - as an option prefix for compatibility with
COMMAND.COM.)
dir [-[-]PWSBLV4] [-A[DRHSA-]] [-O[NSEDGA-]] [dir]
List files and sub directories in the directory indicated by dir. If dir is omitted, the
information in the current directory is listed.
When you specify -P, it prompts for every screen. When you specify -W, it is listed in the
wide view. When you specify -A, it lists only the files which have the attribute indicated
by the trailing character.
D directory R read only file
H hidden file S system file
A ready to archive - except it
When you specify -O, it sorts with the sorted type indicated by the trailing character.
N by name S by size
E by extension D by date & time
G directory first A by last access time
- reverse order
When you specify -S, it lists files in all sub directories. When you specify -B, it
displays only names of files and directories. When you specify -L, it uses lowercase.
When you specify -V, it lists the verbose information. When you specify -4, it displays
year with 4 digits. And you can prefix - to any option letter to override the option.
(MS-DOS version requires to use / instead of - as an option prefix for compatibility with
COMMAND.COM.)
dirs Display the list of the current directory stack. Pushd and popd the builtin command can
load/unload directories onto the directory stack.
disown [job] Remove the job specified with job from the shell control. The job to be disowned cannot be
controlled by jobs, fg and bg. If invoked as a login shell, any jobs not to be disowned
will be forced to exit when the shell finish. (UNIX)
If job is omitted, the current job is removed from the shell control.
dtype file Display the contents of the file indicated by file.
echo [-nN] [arg ...]
Echo arg to the standard output. When you don't specify -n, newline is added to output
trailing after arg. When you specify -N, the outputted newline becomes CR-NL (\r\n). See
echo(1) for details.
enable [-n] [arg ...]
Enable arg as a builtin command. When you specify -n, it is disabled. If arg is omitted,
all of the enabled or disabled builtin commands is listed.
eval [arg ...]
Evaluate arg and execute the results.
evalmacro [arg ...]
Evaluate parameter macros included in arg and execute the results. Since eval doesn't
evaluate any parameter macro, you should choose them according to uses. When in the
function, you cannot use any parameter macro, then you need this command to extract
parameter macros.
exec [com [arg ...]]
Execute com in place of the execution of fd. You can specify arg as arguments of com.
exit [n] Exit from fd. When you specify n, it exits with the exit status n.
export [NAME[=[value]] ...]
Mark NAME the internal variable to be inherited to child processes as the environment
variable. Since then, the definition of NAME can be referred in any child process. When
you export the undefined internal variable, it doesn't become the environment variable
until the internal variable is defined. When you want to define the value at the same
time, you should specify value.
If only = is specified and value is omitted, the value of NAME the environment variable is
defined as a null. If no argument is specified, all of the exported environment variables
is listed. When you want to delete the definition of the environment variable, you can use
unset the builtin command.
false Only return with a 1 exit status.
fc [-l | -s [old=new ...]] [-nr ] [-e editor] [first [last]]
List or edit command histories. First and last select the range of command histories.
This specification can be described as a numeric value or a string. A positive value means
the command history number, and a negative value means the command history which has the
history number as the current history number minus the value. A string mean the command
history which starts with the string. If -n is specified, command histories are listed
without their history numbers. If -r is specified, command histories are listed in reverse
order. If -e is specified, the editor named by editor is used to edit command histories,
otherwise the editor specified by FCEDIT or EDITOR the internal variable is used.
When -l is specified, selected command histories are listed to the standard output. In
this case, omitting last means to specify the current history number, and also omitting
first means to specify -16.
When -s is specified, the command history selected by first is executed immediately. In
this case, omitting first means to specify the current history number. The first
occurrence of the string old in the command history will be replaced by the string new
before execution.
When neither -l nor -s is not specified, selected command histories are edited, and then
each edited commands are executed one by one with display in the standard output. In this
case, omitting last means to specify first, and also omitting first means to specify the
current history number for both.
fd [directory [directory2]]
Invoke fd from the internal shell. If you specify directory, the current directory is
moved to the directory initially. If you specify directory2, the split window mode is
invoked, and the current directory of the supplemental window is moved to the directory.
You can return to the internal shell by QUIT_SYSTEM. It is effective only when it is
invoked as fdsh.
fg [job] Continue the execution of the job specified with job in the foreground. The following
format is available to specify a job. (UNIX)
%
%+ the current job
%- the previous job
%n the job with job number n
%str the job whose command line starts with str
But, you must describe these % in the command line of EXECUTE_SH as the duplicated
expression, such as %%, for the reason of the parameter macro function described below.
If job is omitted, the current job is continued in the foreground.
getfreq [file]
Output the contents of the translation frequency file, specified by file, to the standard
output for the users Kana-Kanji translation learning. The output format provides one
record per line, which consists of "Yomi-Gana", "word" and "frequency" separated by tab.
You can use this output as the argument of setfreq to import the frequency information. If
file is omitted, it is regarded as the translation frequency file specified by FREQFILE the
internal variable. (UNIX)
getkey [num] Get the key code sequence for the pushed key. It prompts after executed, and displays the
key code sequence for the key which you push to specify. It continues until you push any
key num times. When num is more than 1 time, you can stop it with pushing [Space]. When
num is 0 time, it continues forever until [Space] is pushed. The displayed sequence can be
used as the key code sequence for keymap command. (UNIX)
If num is omitted, it is regarded as 1 time is specified.
getopts optstr NAME [arg ...]
Used to parse the optional parameters from a sequence of arg. The valid characters as
option is described in optstr. An option character which needs an argument is described
with following : in optstr. Each time getopts is invoked, the new option character parsed
from arg is substituted for NAME the internal variable. When the option has an argument,
the argument is substituted for OPTARG the internal variable. And the index of the next
parameter is substituted for OPTIND the internal variable every time. The value of OPTIND
is initialized to 1 whenever the shell is invoked, another parsing of option parameters
needs initializing OPTIND to 1 manually. If arg is omitted, positional parameters are
parsed to the optional parameters.
When the end of option is encountered, getopts will exit with the value of 1. In this
case, ? is substituted for NAME. When an option character which is not included in optstr
is found, an error message is written to the standard error, then ? is substituted for
NAME and OPTARG is unset. But, if OPTARG is started with :, no error message is written,
and the found option character is substituted for OPTARG instead. When no argument is
found with the option character which needs an argument, an error message is written to the
standard error, then ? is substituted for NAME and OPTARG is unset. But, if OPTARG is
started with :, no error message is written, then the found option character is substituted
for OPTARG instead, and : is substituted for NAME.
hash [-r ⎪ com ...]
Search the absolute path for com referring to PATH, which indicates the search path when
the external command is executed, and register the result in the hash table.
When you specify -r instead of com, all the memorized hash table is discarded. If com is
omitted, the hash table information is listed. hits, cost, command indicate the number of
times the command has been executed, the measure of the work required to search it in the
search path, and the absolute path for the command, respectively. When the command is
searched in a relative directory, it is necessary to re-search whenever the current
directory is moved, because it is not registered as the absolute path. In such command, ∗
trailing hits is displayed.
history [n] List the last n command histories with the history number.
If n is omitted, all of the memorized command histories is listed.
jobs List the running jobs. (UNIX)
kconv [-i in] [-o out] [infile [outfile]]
Read from infile and convert its Kanji code from in to out, and output to outfile. In in
and out, you can specify the string which used in FNAMEKCODE the internal variable
described below. If each of them is omitted, it is regarded as that the Kanji code
specified in compile is specified. If outfile is omitted, it outputs to the standard
output. If also infile is omitted, it reads from the standard input. (UNIX)
keymap [c [str]]
Map the sequence str as key code of the special key c. You can use only the following
identifiers as c. (UNIX)
UP Up DOWN Down
RIGHT Right LEFT Left
BEG Begin EOL Eol
HOME Home END End
INS Insert DEL Delete
INSLIN InsLine DELLIN DelLine
PPAGE PageUp NPAGE PageDown
ENTER Enter BS Bs
CLR Clear HELP Help
PLUS + (tenkey) MINUS - (tenkey)
ASTER ∗ (tenkey) SLASH / (tenkey)
COMMA , (tenkey) DOT . (tenkey)
EQUAL = (tenkey) RET Return (tenkey)
TK0..TK9 0-9 (tenkey)
F1...F20 function key
You can use the escape sequence in the key code sequence, such as \n =0x0a and \e =0x1b.
You can also use the octal expression, such as \ooo. You can describe the control
character prefixing ^, such as ^A. ^ itself can be described as \^.
If str is omitted, the key code sequence for c is displayed. If both str and c are
omitted, all of the mappings for special keys is listed. When you specify str as "", the
key code mapping for c is canceled.
kill [-l ⎪ -signal] [pid ⎪ job ...]
Send the signal indicated by signal to the process indicated by the process number pid or
to the job indicated by job. Signal is described as a numeric value or a signal name.
If signal is omitted, SIGTERM is send. When you specify -l, it lists the signal names
which can be used as signal instead of sending a signal.
launch ext [com [format [top bottom]]]
launch ext com [-f format] [-t top] [-b bottom] [-ie patt]
Register the behavior for ext the extension as the launcher. You should the macro
representation quoted with " as com. When you register an archive browser, you should
describe the command to list the archived files as com, and describe the format of the list
as format. When you describe top and bottom, you can specify unnecessary lines in the list
as the number of lines from the top/bottom line. When ext starts with /,
uppercase/lowercase is ignored in the comparison of any extension.
If com is omitted, the launcher registration for ext is canceled.
When you register an archive browser, you can use the latter form to describe more detailed
control. You can specify multiple formats as candidates with multiple -f options. These
candidates for format are compared in order of appearance, if no one is matched completely
then the nearest one is adopted. -i and -e options specify patt the pattern for the line
to be ignored and for the line to be treated as error respectively. When the list includes
unnecessary lines you can specify also top and bottom, but you must specify lines except
top/bottom lines with -i option. In case that a failure to unpack files in the archive
file causes outputting some strings, you can specify the strings with -e option. -i and -e
options can specify multiple patterns, and they are effective if one of them is matched.
And you can use a wildcard in the description for each patt the pattern.
md dir Create the directory dir.
mkdir dir Same as md. (DOS)
newgrp [arg ...]
Execute newgrp(1) in place of the execution of fd. You can specify arg as arguments of
newgrp(1). See newgrp(1) for details. (UNIX)
login [arg ...]
Execute login(1) in place of the execution of fd. You can specify arg as arguments of
login(1). See login(1) for details. (UNIX)
logout [n] Exit from a login shell. When you specify n, it exits with the exit status n.
popd Unload the top directory onto the directory stack, and change the current directory in fd
to the directory. This command is failed when the directory stack is empty.
printarch [ext]
Print the archiver commands registered for the archive file which has ext the extension.
If ext is omitted, all of the registered archiver commands is listed.
printbind [c] Print the command binded to the key c. You can specify the key as well as bind.
If c is omitted, all of the registered key bindings is listed, which is defined not as the
internal command but as the command macro. The key bindings of internal commands can be
referred in HELP_MESSAGE.
printdrv [c] Print the device file and the number of heads/sectors/cylinders of the floppy drive
registered for the drive name c. (UNIX)
If c is omitted, all of the registered floppy drives is listed.
printlaunch [ext]
Print the command macro registered as the launcher for ext the extension. When it is
registered as the archive browser, the format for listing is also printed.
If ext is omitted, all of the registered launchers is listed.
printroman [roman]
Print the Roman-Kana translation table for the Kana-Kanji IME mode. It means printing the
Japanese string bound for roman the Roman string. (UNIX)
If roman is omitted, all the registered Roman-Kana translation table is listed.
pushd [dir] Load the current directory onto the directory stack, and change the current directory in fd
to dir. If you specify the pathname as ".", "?", "-", "@", it behaves like as LOG_DIR.
The physical option for set the builtin command is effective for symbolic links.
If dir is omitted, change the current directory to the top directory of the directory
stack, and replace it with the current directory. In this case, this command is failed
when the directory stack is empty.
pwd [-LP] Display the current directory with the absolute representation. If -L is specified, the
logical pathname following symbolic links is displayed. If -P is specified, the physical
pathname following no symbolic links is displayed. Otherwise, the physical option for set
the builtin command is effective.
read [-N] [NAME ...]
Read one line from the standard input and substitute that string for NAME the internal
variable. The inputted string is separated with IFS into some words. When multiple NAMEs
are specified, words are substituted one by one from the first of line, and all the rest
are substituted for the last NAME. When the number of words in inputted string is less
than the number of NAME, a null is substituted for the rest of NAME.
If -N is specified, the newline of the line to be read is regarded as CR-NL (\r\n).
readline [prompt]
Read one line from the terminal input and output that string to the standard output. When
prompt is specified, the string is displayed on the beginning of input line. This command
differs from read the builtin command in the terminal input and the line editing. You
cannot use the history as one of the line editing, but can use the completion for a
pathname.
readonly [NAME[=[value]] ...]
Mark NAME the internal variable to be readonly. Since then, you cannot change the value of
NAME. When you want to define the value at the same time, you should specify value.
If only = is specified and value is omitted, the value of NAME the internal variable is
defined as a null. If no argument is specified, all of the readonly internal variables is
listed.
rd dir Delete the directory dir. You cannot delete the non-empty directory.
rmdir dir Same as rd. (DOS)
ren old new
rename old new
Rename the filename or the directory name old into new. You can specify the wildcard in
old and new to rename the multiple filenames all together.
rem [arg ...] No effect, same as :.
return [n] Return from a function with the return value specified by n. If n is omitted, the return
value is the exit status of the last executed command. It cannot be used out of a
function.
savetty [-n] Save the current terminal settings. The saved settings will be restored when EXECUTE_SH is
executed later. In case that you change terminal settings with stty(1) and so on, you
should save the settings with this command not to reset settings with the next execution of
EXECUTE_SH. If you change terminal settings and execute this command not in the same
command line, you should notice that this command will save the reset settings. If -n is
specified, the saved settings will be cleared. (UNIX)
set [--abCefhkmntuvx] [-o option] [arg ...]
List internal variables and functions, without any argument. When you specify arg, arg is
substituted for the positional parameter $1, $2, ..., $n in order. When you specify any
option, each option means the following. When you use + instead of -, the option parameter
turns off each option.
-a Export any internal variable automatically when it is defined.
-b When a background job has been terminated, its status report will be displayed
immediately. there is no effect when the job control is not enabled.
-C Prevent overwriting to any existent files in redirection.
-e Exit immediately when any command returns the exit status except 0.
-f Disable the wildcard expansion.
-h Register any command to the hash table just before it is executed. The commands used
in a function are read when it is defined, and are registered to the hash table. The
command hash itself is always valid, if -h option is set or not.
-k Treat all NAME=[value] formed arguments as the variable definition, while they are not
placed on the beginning of command line string.
-m Enable the job control. This option is valid by default. (UNIX)
-n Read command inputs but don't execute them.
-o option
The following identifiers are valid in option.
allexport
Same as -a.
autosavetty
Same as -S.
emacs
Same as EDITMODE=emacs.
errexit
Same as -e.
hashahead
Same as -h.
ignoreeof
Any EOF will not terminate the interactive shell.
keyword
Same as -k.
monitor
Same as -m.
noclobber
Same as -C.
noexec
Same as -n.
noglob
Same as -f.
notify
Same as -b.
nounset
Same as -u.
onecmd
Same as -t.
physical
Same as -P.
ptyshell
Same as -T.
verbose
Same as -v.
vi Same as EDITMODE=vi.
xtrace
Same as -x.
If option is omitted, the values of the current options are displayed.
-P Cd and pwd the builtin command use the physical directory structure instead of the
logical directory structure following symbolic links.
-S Execute savetty the builtin command automatically whenever any command line is
processed. The terminal settings will be saved absolutely unless you operate the
terminal settings intentionally, so that you should manually adjust the terminal
settings saved accidentally. (UNIX)
-T Invoke fdsh as the pseudo terminal. You cannot invoke any more pseudo terminals in
this mode. It is effective only if you specify it as the startup option or in the
initial configuration file. It is effective only if you specify it as the startup
option, when the shell is executed as the non-interactive shell. It is just ignored
when invoked as fd. (UNIX)
-t Exit immediately after executing the current command input.
-u Treat the reference of undefined variables as an error.
-v Display the command inputs whenever they are read.
-x Display the command strings whenever they are executed.
-- Indicate the end of options. No flag is changed.
setdrv c device hd sc cl
Specify the device file indicated by device for the MS-DOS floppy drive named as c. At the
same time, hd, sc, cl are specified as the number of heads(sides)/sectors/cylinders(tracks)
in the format which is treated in the driver of device. In special case, when you want to
treat the 640KB2DD(hd=2/sc=8/cl=80) floppy disk with the driver which can treat only the
820KB2DD(hd=2/sc=9/cl=80) floppy disk, you should specify the value adding 100 (108) as the
value of sc. (UNIX)
On the PC-UNIX environment which is worked on PC, specifying the string HDD or HDD98
instead of hd, sc, cl, can register the MS-DOS partition on the hard disk for the PC/AT
compatible machine or PC-9800 series. In this case, You should describe the device file as
the device name prepared per the physical drive unit rather than the device name prepared
per the partition (slice). The MS-DOS partitions included in the drive unit are
automatically expanded to the drive name after the drive name c. When no MS-DOS partition
is included in the specified drive unit, this command is ignored. You can confirm what
drive name is valid by printdrv command. But any hard disk is registered as readonly, for
security.
setfreq [file]
Append the frequency information inputted from the standard input to the translation
frequency file, specified by file, for the users Kana-Kanji translation learning. The
input format is based on the output format of getfreq. If you want to replace, rather than
to append, you must remove the translation frequency file in advance. If file is omitted,
it is regarded as the translation frequency file specified by FREQFILE the internal
variable. (UNIX)
setroman [-c] [-r] [-f file] [roman [kanji]]
Setup the Roman-Kana translation table for the Kana-Kanji IME mode. It means binding kanji
the Japanese string to roman the Roman string. The part over 4 characters of roman, the
string which consists of 1 byte characters only, will be ignored. The part over 2
characters of kanji, the string which consists of multibyte characters or 1 byte
characters, will be ignored. In this case, a multibyte character is counted as 1 character
as well as a 1 byte character. (UNIX)
If kanji is omitted, the registered binding of the Roman-Kana translation table for roman
the Roman string will be deleted. When you specify -c, the whole Roman-Kana translation
table will be cleared to be empty. When you specify -r, all the registered bindings will
be reset to restore the Roman-Kana translation table. When you specify -f, the file
specified by file will be read as bindings of the Roman-Kana translation table. In this
case, a pair of roman and kanji, which is separated by spaces, must be described in each
line of file. You can also use the file which contains the output of printroman.
shift [n] Rename the positional parameters from $n+1 into ones from $1 in order. The original
positional parameters from $1 to $n are discarded. If n is omitted, it is regard as 1 is
specified.
socketinfo [-apAP] [fd]
If the file descriptor specified by fd is a socket, the IP address and the TCP port number
of the connected remote host, and the IP address and the TCP port number of the connected
local host, are outputted to the standard output. If fd is not a socket, this command will
be failed. (UNIX)
If fd is omitted, it is regarded as the standard input is specified. If -a is specified,
only the IP address of the remote host will be outputted. If -p is specified, only the TCP
port number of the remote host will be outputted. If -A is specified, only the IP address
of the local host will be outputted. If -P is specified, only the TCP port number of the
local host will be outputted.
test [expr]
[ expr ] Evaluate the conditional expression expr. See test(1) for details.
times Display the accumulated user and system time for the processes which has so far been
executed.
trap [com] [n ...]
Read and execute the command com when fd receives the signal n. If com is omitted, the
trap for the signal is reset. When you specify com as a null, the signal ignored. When
you specify n as 0, the command com is executed on exit. If both com and n are omitted,
all of the registered traps is listed.
true Only return with a 0 exit status.
type [com ...]
Display how each com would be treated when it is used as a command name.
ulimit [-SH] [-a ⎪ -cdflmnstv] n
Set the resource limits for fd and its child processes to the value indicated by n. You
can use the string unlimited or the numeric value in n, unlimited means the maximum
specifiable value. (UNIX)
When you specify -H, a hard limit is set. When you specify -S, a soft limit is set. When
you don't specify neither of them, both limits are set. If n is omitted, the current limit
is displayed. When you specify -a, all of the resource limits is displayed.
When you specify the following options, the each resource limit is individually set or
displayed. If no option is specified, it is regarded as -f is specified.
-c maximum core file size (in blocks)
-d maximum size of data segment (in KB)
-f maximum file size (in blocks)
-l maximum size of locked in memory (in KB)
-m maximum size of resident set (in KB)
-n maximum number of open file files
-s maximum size of stack segment (in KB)
-t maximum CPU time (in seconds)
-v maximum size of virtual memory (in KB)
umask [nnn] Set the file creation mask to nnn. If nnn is omitted, the current value of the file
creation mask is displayed. See umask(2) for details.
unalias name Cancel the definition of the alias name. You can use the wildcard in name, in this case,
all of the matched alias definitions is canceled. When you specify "∗", all of the alias
definitions is invalid.
unset [NAME ...]
Delete the defined internal variable or function for each NAME. But the following variable
definition cannot be deleted.
PATH PS1 PS2 IFS
MAILCHECK PPID
unsetdrv c device hd sc cl
Delete the registered floppy drive. Only the registration with which all of device, hd,
sc, cl is corresponded is deleted, then you should confirm to delete very well. (UNIX)
When it is registered as HDD or HDD98 in setdrv, you should describe HDD or HDD98 instead
of hd, sc, cl.
wait [pid ⎪ job]
Wait for the process indicated by pid or for the job indicated by job, and return its exit
status. If both pid and job are omitted, all running jobs are waited. (UNIX)
yesno [prompt]
Wait for a input of y or n from the terminal, and then return 0 when y is inputted, return
255 when n is inputted. Instead of input of y or n, you can select a character from
displayed [Y/N] with cursor keys and push [Return] to be regarded as an input of the
selected character. An input of [Space] or [Esc] means the input of n. When prompt is
specified, the string is displayed before [Y/N].
COMMAND [arg] Execute the internal command COMMAND of fd. You can describe each command identifier in
COMMAND. The following internal commands can take a parameter argument arg.
CUR_UP
CUR_DOWN
CUR_RIGHT
CUR_LEFT
ROLL_UP
ROLL_DOWN
WIDEN_WINDOW
NARROW_WINDOW The number of lines, columns, or pages.
RENAME_FILE
PACK_FILE
BACKUP_TAPE The filename.
LOG_DIR
MAKE_DIR
INFO_FILESYS
UNPACK_FILE The directory name.
EXECUTE_SH The command string.
MARK_FIND
FIND_FILE
FIND_DIR The wildcard string.
MARK_ALL 0 will reset the mark of all files, the other will mark all files.
SORT_DIR The number substituted for SORTTYPE the internal variable.
EDIT_CONFIG The name of internal variable to be edited.
~ and $ in the previous registration string are expanded. But these expansions are restrained in the
string quoted with ' instead of ".
Tree Screen
Since representing the whole file system in tree structure takes too many time, only the directories
which are direct ancestors and the direct sub directories are displayed, first in the tree screen. In
the directories which are direct ancestors, the other sub directories (if exists) are grouped as "...".
These grouped sub directories will be expanded automatically when a cursor is placed on its position.
The sub directories which are not expanded yet are represented with '>' trailing the filename, which
shows as they are. Such directory is never expanded until it is required to expand explicitly, then you
should expand it by the following key inputs before moving to any hidden sub directory.
In the tree screen, the following key inputs are available.
Up, Down Move a cursor.
Right Expand the sub directory on the cursor position.
Tab Expand the sub directory on the cursor position recursively.
PageUp, PageDown
Move a cursor by half screen.
Home(<), End(>)
Move a cursor to the top/bottom of tree.
? Move a cursor to the current directory.
Bs Move a cursor to the parent directory.
Left Group sub directories of the directory on the cursor position, or move a cursor to the
parent directory.
(, ) Move a cursor to the previous/next directory among the same level sub directories.
A - Z Move a cursor to the directory whose name starts with the character or its lowercase.
l Change the directory tree into the specified directory. Moving to the floppy drive is
also available.
^L Redraw the tree structure.
Return Select the directory.
Esc Cancel.
When directories are recursively expanded, the machine operation is so late that it maybe seems to
freeze. In this case, you can input any key while operating. If key input is recognized while expanding
directories, expanding has been stopped at that moment in spite of not finishing. Even if key repeat
keeps effective, any operation will be delayed for this function.
Archive Browser
When the launcher is invoked on the position of the file whose extension is registered to associate with
an archive browser, the archive browser screen has come. In this screen, you can browse files in the
archive file as well as in the normal directory. But you cannot use the following internal commands in
this screen.
LOG_TOP ATTR_FILE COPY_FILE MOVE_FILE
DELETE_FILE DELETE_DIR RENAME_FILE MAKE_DIR
WRITE_DIR TREE_DIR EDIT_FILE LOG_TREE
COPY_TREE MOVE_TREE FIND_DIR ATTR_DIR
SYMLINK_MODE DOTFILE_MODE FILEFLG_MODE SPLIT_WINDOW
KILL_WINDOW
When you want to register a new archive browser, you must describe the format listed by the archiver as
the following representation. One format string represents the format for 1 file in the list.
%a Field which indicates a file mode
%u Field which indicates UID of a file
%g Field which indicates GID of a file
%s Field which indicates a file size
%y Field which indicates a file creation year
%m Field which indicates a file creation month
(No concerning if numeric or alphabetical)
%d Field which indicates a file creation day
%w Field which indicates a file creation week (ignored)
%t Field which indicates a file creation time
("HH:MM:SS" form, MM and SS can be lacking)
%p Field which indicates a file creation am/pm
%B Field which indicates a major device ID
%b Field which indicates a minor device ID
%/str/ Field which indicates a type is directory
when this field string is str
(case insensitive)
%!str! 0 or more continuous fields
which consists of the string str
(case insensitive)
%f Field which indicates a filename
%x Field which is needless (ignored)
%% % itself
\n Newline
Space Tab 0 or more characters of spaces or tabs
In this description, the field means the area separated by spaces, tabs or newlines. When the string
which indicates each information is separated by these characters, you can simply describe the above
string which indicates that field. When the string is separated by another character, you should
describe the above string with that separator. You can describe to indicate the field length as numeric,
such as %10a. This example means that the field which indicates a file mode consists of 10 characters.
If you describe it with a character * as the field length instead of numeric, such as %*f, the string to
the end of line is regarded as a field, in which any space and tab will be ignored.
When a field may have the different meanings according to situation, you should describe it quoted with {
}, such as %{yt}. This example means that this field indicates a creation year or a creation time. When
the information for 1 file consists of multiple lines, you should place a \n on the position of newline
in the format string.
For example, the following are the format strings for the list of some archivers. While some spaces are
used here for easiness to see, these spaces are not always necessary because any space between fields is
ignored.
`lha l' "%9a %u/%g %s %x %m %d %{yt} %f"
`lha v' (MS-DOS) "%f\n%s %x %x %y-%m-%d %t"
`tar tvf' (BSD) "%9a %u/%g %s %m %d %t %y %f"
`tar tvf' (SVR4) "%a %u/%g %s %m %d %t %y %f"
If you register archive browsers with above format, in the builtin command of EXECUTE_SH or in the
initial configuration file, you can use the archive browser which is not prepared by default. But, if
you want to execute or view files in the archive file, you must register the archiver command for the
archive file, too, don't forget this.
On some OS, tar(1) may output the Japanese timestamp when japanese is substituted for LANG the
environment variable. Since fd cannot analyze the representation like this, you should describe `export
LANG=C' in the initial configuration file, or specify LANG in the description of listing command, such as
`LANG=C tar tvf'.
Floppy Drive (UNIX)
You can access the MS-DOS formatted floppy disk, by representing to prefix "c:" to the directory name.
But, it is necessary to register the floppy drive and set DOSDRIVE the internal variable which makes this
function effective, in advance.
Each registered drive is distinguished with the drive name. You should tag the physically different
drive as the different drive name. When the same physical drive supports multiple formats, you can
register each format with the same drive name, or the different drive name each other. If you tag the
same drive name, the justice of the format is tried in registered order, so that you should register the
format which you often use in the first place.
Each drive of the floppy drive has the its own current directory. The default value of this is a root
directory, and the current directory is moved back to a root directory again whenever you change a floppy
disk. When you describe the directory name as starting with '/' after ':', it means the absolute path
representation of that drive. If this '/' is not exist, it means the relative path representation from
the current directory of that drive, don't forget this.
Regrettably, some internal commands like as WRITE_DIR, INFO_FILESYS cannot support the floppy drive.
Some filenames are renamed when they are copied from UNIX for reason of the filename length limit.
When you use a lowercase letter as the drive name, you can access it as the floppy drive which can treat
the Long File Name (LFN) for MS-Windows formatted floppy disk. In this case, you can copy a file with a
long filename on UNIX as it is. But, when the UNICODE translation table fd-unicd.tbl does not exist in
the same directory as the invoked fd exists, any Kanji filename cannot be treated as LFN representation.
Reversely, when you use a uppercase letter as the drive name, LFN is ignored and 8+3 formed filename is
treated. MS-DOS version inherits this specification by the case of a drive name.
URL Drive (UNIX)
You can access remote services on the network, by representing the URL string as the directory name. The
URL format is scheme://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/directory/. You can specify ftp or http as scheme.
You can specify the name or IP address of the remote host as host. You can specify the TCP port number
as port. If port is omitted, the default port number is used. The default port number for ftp is 21,
and the default port number for http is 80. You can specify account information to connect the remote
host as user and password. If user is omitted, the anonymous FTP connection will be used with ftp, or
you will be queried as needed with http. If password is omitted, you will be queried as needed. But, it
is necessary to set URLDRIVE the internal variable which makes this function effective, in advance.
Regrettably, some internal commands cannot support the URL drive, for the sake of restrictions of the FTP
and HTTP protocols or settings of the host side.
String Input
When you input the string, such as the pathname, the following key inputs are available. The kind of
referred history differs with the input string required. In the split window mode, the current directory
of another window is always placed on the top of the pathname history.
Left, Right
Move a cursor.
Up, Down Refer the previous histories (only commands and pathnames), or move a cursor.
Beg Move a cursor to the beginning of string.
Eol Move a cursor to the end of string.
Ins Switch a input method to the insert/overwrite mode. (Default value is the insert mode.)
Del Delete a character on the cursor position.
Bs Delete a character before the cursor position.
DelLine Delete a string after the cursor position.
InsLine Treat the next input character as it is, effective to input control characters.
Enter Insert a filename of the file on the cursor position.
PageUp Convert a character on the cursor position to uppercase.
PageDown Convert a character on the cursor position to lowercase.
Tab Complete a pathname, a command name or a variable name on the cursor position.
When there are two or more completion choices, inputting this continuously can display the
completion choice list. Except for command line in the internal shell, you can make a choice
from this list with cursor keys and [Return].
^L Redraw the input string.
^S, ^R Search the previous histories (only commands and pathnames) incrementally.
Return Decide the input, or decide the choice in the completion choice list.
Esc Cancel.
The inputted string is expanded before evaluation as following. These expansions are also valid in the
string of command macros. But these expansions are restrained in the string quoted with the quotation
mark '.
~ Indicate your home directory, when it is the beginning of filename.
~user Indicate user's home directory, when it is the beginning of filename. (UNIX)
~FD Indicate the directory where the invoked fd is exists, when it is the beginning of filename.
$NAME
${NAME} Indicate the value of NAME the internal variable or the environment variable. When both are
defined, the internal variable is prior. When both are undefined, it is replaced a null. The
brace { } separates NAME from its trailing characters.
When NAME is the following character, it is replaced by the value substituted automatically by
the shell.
0 The executable filename when invoked.
[1-9] The positional parameter.
∗ The all positional parameters which starts from $1. "$∗" is replaced by "$1 $2 ...".
@ The all positional parameters which starts from $1. "$@" is replaced by "$1" "$2" ... .
# The number of positional parameters.
- The option flags which is set by options when invoked or set the builtin command.
? The exit status of the last executed command.
$ The process number of the current shell.
! The process number of the last executed background process.
${NAME:-word}
If the value except a null is substituted for NAME the internal variable or the environment
variable, it is replaced by the value, otherwise it is replaced by word.
${NAME:=word}
If the value except a null is substituted for NAME the internal variable or the environment
variable, it is replaced by the value, otherwise word is substituted for NAME the internal
variable, and this expression itself is replaced by word. But you cannot substitute the value
for any positional parameter.
${NAME:?word}
If the value except a null is substituted for NAME the internal variable or the environment
variable, it is replaced by the value, otherwise display word and exit from the shell. If word
is omitted, the string ``parameter null or not set'' is displayed in its place.
${NAME:+word}
If the value except a null is substituted for NAME the internal variable or the environment
variable, it is replaced by word, otherwise it is replaced by a null.
${NAME-word}
If any value is substituted for NAME the internal variable or the environment variable, it is
replaced by the value, otherwise it is replaced by word.
${NAME=word}
If any value is substituted for NAME the internal variable or the environment variable, it is
replaced by the value, otherwise word is substituted for NAME the internal variable, and this
expression itself is replaces by word. But you cannot substitute the value for any positional
parameter.
${NAME?word}
If any value is substituted for NAME the internal variable or the environment variable, it is
replaced by the value, otherwise display word and exit from the shell. If word is omitted, the
string ``parameter null or not set'' is displayed in its place.
${NAME+word}
If any value is substituted for NAME the internal variable or the environment variable, it is
replaced by word, otherwise it is replaced by a null.
${#NAME}
It is replaced by the length in characters of the value of NAME the internal variable or the
environment variable. If NAME is * or @, it is replaced by the number of positional parameters
instead of the length of characters.
${NAME%word}
It is replaced by the string in which the smallest portion of the suffix matched by the word
pattern is deleted from the value of NAME the internal variable or the environment variable. If
NAME is * or @, each positional parameter is replaced. ( \ is used instead of % on MS-DOS
version.)
${NAME%%word}
It is replaced by the string in which the largest portion of the suffix matched by the word
pattern is deleted from the value of NAME the internal variable or the environment variable. If
NAME is * or @, each positional parameter is replaced. ( \\ is used instead of %% on MS-DOS
version.)
${NAME#word}
It is replaced by the string in which the smallest portion of the prefix matched by the word
pattern is deleted from the value of NAME the internal variable or the environment variable. If
NAME is * or @, each positional parameter is replaced.
${NAME##word}
It is replaced by the string in which the largest portion of the prefix matched by the word
pattern is deleted from the value of NAME the internal variable or the environment variable. If
NAME is * or @, each positional parameter is replaced.
\c It indicates a character c itself. You can use it when you want to use the preceding meta-
character as a character with no evaluation, such as ~ or $. You can describe \ itself as "\\".
But, on MS-DOS version, because \ which is used as the pathname delimiter must be treat as well
as the normal character, %c is expediently used in place of \.
The following is replaced only in the shell which is executed by EXECUTE_SH and EXECUTE_FILE.
`list` List is executed and this string is replaced by its standard output.
$(list) List is executed and this string is replaced by its standard output like as `list`. This differs
from `list` in the point that nested expressions are allowed. And any meta-characters such as
quotes in list are evaluated as it is.
$((expression))
Expression the arithmetic expression is evaluated and this string is replaced by its result
value. You can specify numeric values, variables and integral calculations with the following
operators in expression.
(unary) (binary)
arithmetic + - + - * / %
boolean ! == != < > <= >= && ||
bit operator ~ & | ^ << >>
parenthesis ( )
?
∗
[
] The string including these letters is pattern-matched with existent files. When it is matched,
it is replaced by all of the matched filenames which are sorted in alphabetical order.
? Match any single character except /.
∗ Match any 0 or more length string not including /.
∗∗ Match any 0 or more length string including /.
[...]
Match any one of the characters enclosed by [ ]. When enclosed characters include -, it
matches any character whose character code is between characters before/after -.
[!...]
Match any one of the characters not enclosed by [ ].
But, when the first character of the filename is ., ?, ∗ and ∗∗ don't match it.
Edit Mode
When you want to use some functions bound to special keys, such as a cursor key or a scroll key, such a
key doesn't exist in some terminals. In such a case, substituting the string for EDITMODE the internal
variable can make you use some control keys as alternative to these special keys. Since this alternative
key function is prior to the key binding by the builtin command, the key binding is invalid for the
control characters used as the alternative keys. The prepared edit modes are the following 3 modes.
emacs
^P = Up ^A = Beg
^N = Down ^E = Eol ^D = Del
^F = Right ^Q = InsLine
^B = Left ^K = DelLine
^V = PageDn ^Y = PageUp ^O = Enter
^M = Return ^I = Tab ^H = Bs
^[ = Esc ^G = Esc
wordstar
^E = Up ^A = Beg ^V = Ins
^N = Down ^F = Eol ^G = Del
^F = Right ^W = Home ^] = InsLine
^S = Left ^Z = End ^Y = DelLine
^C = PageDn ^R = PageUp ^N = Enter
^M = Return ^I = Tab ^H = Bs
^[ = Esc
vi Vi mode has the 2 local modes: "insert mode" and "command mode", and the function of keys are
quite different with each mode. You are in the command mode when you start to input, then you
must input any key among 4 keys which switch to the insert mode, in order to input normal keys.
(command mode)
k = Up 0 = Beg
j = Down $ = Eol x = Del
l = Right g = Home
h = Left G = End D = DelLine
^F = PageDn ^B = PageUp o = Enter
^M = Return ^I = Tab ^H = Bs
^[ = Esc
(from command mode to insert mode)
i, : = only switch its mode
I = + Beg
a = + Right A = + Eol
R = overwrite
r = overwrite once
(insert mode)
^V = InsLine Esc = to command mode
This key binding is so particular that it is not suitable for those who don't use vi editor
everyday.
Kana-Kanji IME (UNIX)
You can input strings in the Kana-Kanji IME mode, if you input the key specified by IMEKEY or select
"Kanji" from the pseudo terminal menu.
The translation performance will depend on the Kana-Kanji translation dictionary fd-dict.tbl. When it
does not exist in the same directory as the invoked fd exists, translation to Kanji will not be
available. The standard installed dictionary file is the Tan-Kanji dictionary, which can support only
the Tan-Kanji translation. The dictionaly such as the pubdic, which includes the Hinsi information, will
bring you the Tan-Bunsetsu translation. The Ren-Bunsetsu translation is not be supported.
In the Kana-Kanji IME mode, the following key inputs are available.
Space Trancelate to Kanji, or select the next translation candidate.
Left, Right
Up, Down Move a cursor in the list of the translation candidate.
Bs, Del Delete a character before the cursor position.
Tab Toggle Hiragana, Katakana, Hankaku-Kana and the direct input.
^L Redraw the input string.
Return Decide the translation result.
Esc Cancel.
When you translate the string of the capital 4 digit hexadecimal prefixed by a capital letter, it is
regarded as the hexadecimal showing the following Kanji code respectively. Then the menu will be
displayed to select Kanji next to the Kanji code number.
S Shift JIS
E EUC-JP
J JIS code (JIS X0208)
K Kuten code
U UNICODE (UCS2)
When you input [Space] in the state where you decide an un-translated Kana, it is regarded as the initial
reading of Kanji. Then the menu will be desplayed to select Kanji whose reading starts with the Kana.
Parameter Macros
You can use the following parameter macros in the string which is used for the registration of command
macros and for executing command. But, you cannot use them in the functions, the input file for source
command, and the initial configuration file, then you should use evalmacro command when you want to use
any parameter macro in them.
%C The filename on the cursor position. Or, it indicates the archive filename, in the macro to
register the archiver command.
%X The filename except its extension on the cursor position. Or, it indicates the archive filename
except its extension, in the macro to register the archiver command. Only the last one extension
is removed. T, TA, M trailing %X are replaced by %T, %TA, %M except its extension respectively.
On MS-DOS version, you can describe a trailing S as well as them.
%P The pathname of the current directory.
%K Prompt and return to fd after a command is finished. But, the meaning of %K is reverse in
EXECUTE_FILE and EXECUTE_SH; it prompts by default and doesn't prompt if %K is specified. You
can never specify to prompt in macros to register the archive browser of the launcher and macros
to register the archiver command.
%T List marked files separated by spaces as possible. When files are so many that the command line
length exceeds the OS limitation, the rest of marked files are ignored.
%TA List marked files as well as %T, and repeat the same command for spilt files to complete all
marked files.
%M Execute the same command as many times as marked files, sending the marked file one by one. It
is useful to mark files by MARK_FIND and execute "mv %M %XM.bak" by EXECUTE_SH.
%N Restrain the filename addition even if the parameter is omitted.
%R Make you input the additional parameter in executing a macro, if the length of command string has
enough margin. The cursor position in input is placed on the position of %R in a macro. But, %R
is ignored in macros to register the archive browser of the launcher, macros to register the
archiver command, and EXECUTE_FILE, EXECUTE_SH.
%S The 8+3 formed filename with which the LFN formed filename on the cursor position is replaced.
You can use it when you use external commands which can treat only 8+3 formed arguments. T, TA,
M trailing %S can be described as well as %X. (DOS)
%JS The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into Shift JIS. (UNIX)
%JE The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into EUC-JP. (UNIX)
%J7 The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into 7bit JIS. (UNIX)
%J8 The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into 8bit JIS. (UNIX)
%JJ The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into ISO-2022-JP. (UNIX)
%JH The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into HEX. (UNIX)
%JC The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into CAP. (UNIX)
%JU The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into UTF-8. (UNIX)
%JM The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into UTF-8 for Mac OS X. (UNIX)
%JI The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into UTF-8 for iconv, which is
used on environments using iconv-based UTF-8 such as Linux. (UNIX)
%JA The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into the Kanji code which is
used in the pathname indicated by the string. The variables SJISPATH, EUCPATH, etc. can specify
what kanji code is used in each pathname. (UNIX)
When no filename parameter, such as %C and %T, is taken with the result to expand parameter macros in a
command macro, the filename on the cursor position is automatically added to the last of expanded string,
as ./filename form. This addition is not done, in case of the input string for executing command, or
when %N macro is specified.
Customize
You can customize fd as the following ways. If you specify some configuration in multiple ways
overlapped, it is prior in this order.
Executing builtin commands with EXECUTE_SH
You can execute builtin commands for each registration for the internal variable definition,
the environment variable definition, the alias definition, the function definition, the key
binding, the keymap changing, the launcher registration, the archiver command registration,
and the floppy drive registration.
Customizer
EDIT_CONFIG command is available for the internal variable definition, the key binding, the
keymap changing, the launcher registration, the archiver command registration, and the
floppy drive registration.
Command line options
You can specify the command line options as `-NAME=value' form, to define the internal
variables.
.fd2rc You can prepare the initial configuration file .fd2rc on your home directory, to execute the
command which is written in this file, before the startup of fd. You can describe builtin
commands and external commands in it to set up each configuration. Yet, when fdsh is
invoked as a login shell, .fdshrc is read instead of .fd2rc.
The initial configuration file /etc/fd2rc which is prepared by a system administrator is
read preceding .fd2rc and .fdshrc. If this file exists, the initial configurations prepared
by a system administrator are valid unless you intentionally delete them in .fd2rc and
.fdshrc.
(On MS-DOS version, these filenames are $HOME\fd2.rc, $HOME\fdsh.rc and ~FD\fd2rc.)
Environment variables
Any valid variable name as the internal variable can be valid to be defined as the
environment variable in advance. But the internal variable is always prior to the
environment variable in fd. When the same named environment variable is used in another
application, you can also use the name which FD_ is prefixed to each environment variable
for fd only. This environment variable with FD_ is always prior to the environment variable
without it, then the definition of the environment variable with FD_ is prior to the
definition of the internal variable without FD_.
Customizer
EDIT_CONFIG command invokes the customizer to set up configurations interactively. You can select the
category with the right/left cursor key, and select the item with the up/down cursor key, and change its
content with [Return]. When you finish to change, exit from the customizer with [Esc].
The following categories are prepared.
Variables Change the value of internal variables. The input method is different with the variable,
then you should input following the guidance on screen.
Key bind Change the command bound to each key. When you newly bind a command to the key with no
binding, you should select "NewEntry". If you select "Delete bind", the existent key
binding is deleted.
Key map Change the key code mapping for each special key. If you push [Esc] when you are prompted
to push the key, the existent key mapping is deleted. (UNIX)
Launcher Change the launcher registration for each extension. When you newly register a launcher for
the extension with no registration, you should select "NewEntry". If you input a null line
when you input a command for the launcher, the existent launcher registration is deleted.
Archiver Change the archiver command registration for each extension. When you newly register a
archiver command for the extension with no registration, you should select "NewEntry". If
you input a null line both when you input a command for pack/unpack, the existent archiver
command registration is deleted.
DOS drive Change the floppy drive registration. When you newly register a floppy drive for the drive
name with no registration, you should select "NewEntry". If you input a null line when you
input a device name, the existent floppy drive registration is deleted. (UNIX)
Save Save the configurations changed with the customizer into a file, or cancel configurations to
restore to the previous state.
Cancel Cancel the changed configurations within the specified categories, and restore to
the state before the customizer is invoked.
Clear Cancel all the configurations within the specified categories, and restore to the
default state.
Load Load configurations from the specified file.
Save Save all the configurations within the specified categories to the specified file.
Overwrite Overwrite all the configurations within the specified categories to the specified
existent file. The original configurations which has existed in the file are
parsed, and the configuration for the same target is overwritten at the same place
as possible. The configurations which are not set up at present and the
configurations which are not supported by the customizer are remains as it is.
When you specify the range of categories, all categories are selected by default, then you
should turn on/off each selection with [Space] and decide with [Return].
If you try to exit from the customizer without saving after changing any configuration, you will be
confirmed whether if it is right to exit without saving. While the changed configurations themselves are
valid even if you exit without saving, when you want them to be valid in the next invoked fd, you must
save them into the initial configuration file.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables are valid in fd. These environment variables can be valid if they
are defined as the internal variables. You can specify them as the command line options in `-NAME=value'
form. But the variables followed by ∗ cannot be use with the prefix FD_ as the environment variables.
ADJTTY Reset the terminal mode forcedly to the normal state, when fd is finished. Invoking fd can
adjust the terminal rightly from the state displaying broken characters. Any value except
0 and null effects valid. (UNIX)
ANSICOLOR Colorize the file display. When the terminal which you use supports the color control
escape sequence of ANSI standard, each file is displayed with color according to its file
type. If the value is 1, it is colorized. If the value is 2, the background color is
forced to be black, for the case that the foreground color is the same as the background
color and indistinguishable. If the value is 3, the foreground color is forced to be
black.
ANSIPALETTE Specify color palette according to file type when the file display is colorized. This
variable value consists of a numeric value whose maximum columns are 11 columns. The
number of each column shows a color number, which specifies the color of file type
corresponding with its column. The following are correspondence of the column number to
the file type.
1 normal file
2 background
3 directory
4 unwritable file
5 unreadable file
6 symbolic link
7 socket (or system file on MS-DOS)
8 FIFO (or label on MS-DOS)
9 block device
10 character device
11 executable file
The following are the meaning of color number specified on each column.
0 black
1 red
2 green
3 yellow
4 blue
5 magenta
6 cyan
7 white
8 default color for foreground
9 default color for background
The color number 8 is forced to be black, if the value of ANSICOLOR the variable is 3. The
color number 9 is forced to be black, if the value of ANSICOLOR the variable is 2.
When the columns are less than 11 or this variable is not set, the standard color palette
will be applied for the file type corresponding with the following columns. The standard
color palette is described with the above color number as 89624351888.
AUTOUPDATE Specify the interval in seconds to update automatically the browser screen or the tree
screen. When the key input idles for the specified seconds, the current information of
file list will be updated. If this value is 0, the screen will never updated
automatically. The default value is 0.
BASICCUSTOM Limit the internal variables for configuration only to basic variables in the customizer,
to hide advanced variables. Any value except 0 and null effects valid.
CDPATH∗ Specify the search path when an argument of cd the builtin command does not start with /.
You can specify multiple paths separating with ':'. No search path is specified by
default.
COLUMNS∗ The variable for the columns of a terminal screen. If some value is set, this value will
be replaced automatically according to changing the screen size. If no value is set, this
value will remain unset.
COMSPEC Specify the shell used to invoke a batch file. If undefined, the shell defined by SHELL
the internal variable or \COMMAND.COM is used. (DOS)
COPYCMD∗ Specify the default options used by copy the builtin command.
DEFCOLUMNS Specify the columns displayed in the screen when fd is invoked. The default value is 2.
If you specify the value except 1, 2, 3 and 5, it is ignored.
DEFKCODE Specify the system default Kanji code. The arguments passed to external commands invoked
from fd will be converted into the specified Kanji code. When you use macros such as %C
and %JJ, it will be converted into the Kanji code according to each macro. JIS8, JUNET,
HEX, CAP, etc. among them are the Kanji codes used in Samba. (UNIX)
SJIS, sjis Shift JIS
EUC, euc EUC-JP
JIS, jis 7bit JIS
JIS8, jis8 8bit JIS
JUNET, junet ISO-2022-JP
OJIS, ojis 7bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJIS8, ojis8 8bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJUNET, ojunet ISO-2022-JP (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
HEX, hex HEX
CAP, cap CAP
UTF8, utf8 UTF-8
UTF8-mac, mac UTF-8 for Mac OS X
UTF8-iconv UTF-8 for iconv
default no convert
DIRCOUNTLIMIT Specify the maximum number of files read from the directory in the tree screen. When the
directory trailed by '>' has no sub directory, the expanded result is not changed. If the
number of files (including directories) in the directory is within this value, the
directory with no sub directory is not trailed '>' from the first. Moreover, the file list
in the directory displayed on the right of screen is not displayed over this value. If
this value is 0, you can realize a comfortable operation speed even in the slow machine.
The default value is 50 files.
DIRCMD∗ Specify the default options used by dir the builtin command.
DIRHIST Specify the maximum number of the directory histories which can be referred by the
directory input line. The default value is 50. If this value is 0, you can refer to no
directory history.
DIRHISTFILE Specify the name of the directory history file which can be referred by the directory input
line. Unless you specify it, the directory history is not loaded nor saved. The default
value is not specified.
DIRHISTUMASK Specify the file creation mask with octal expression for the directory history file. It is
used only if no existent file exists. But the mask value set by umask the builtin command
is prior, then actual mask value is the logical OR of this value and umask value.
DISPLAYMODE Specify the filename display mode of the file list when fd is invoked. Each of the
symbolic link mode, the file type symbol mode and the dot file display mode can be selected
individually. The default value is 0. The following are specifiable values.
0 standard
1 SYMLINK
2 FILETYPE
3 SYMLINK & FILETYPE
4 DOTFILE
5 SYMLINK & DOTFILE
6 FILETYPE & DOTFILE
7 SYMLINK & FILETYPE & DOTFILE
Moreover, on the OS which supports the file flag, if you specify the value adding 8 to each
value, you can select the file flag display mode.
DOSDRIVE Validate the access function to the MS-DOS floppy. If no floppy drive is registered, this
validation cannot make you access the floppy. Any value except 0 and null effects valid.
On MS-DOS version, This definition can make you treat the LFN formed filename in the old
DOS before Ver. 6.xx. In this case, you don't have to register any floppy drive. the
access speed may be slow or some functions may be restricted for the reason to operate the
disk I/O not by way of OS.
DUMBSHELL Don't use any control sequences to edit command line in the internal shell. In the
internal shell, the cursor addressing of terminal mode is not valid. In case of some
terminal such as a console terminal, the cursor addressing cannot work correctly in this
terminal mode, and the editing string is displayed incorrectly. When this variable is
valid, while no control sequence is used to edit command line, an inefficient cursor
addressing will cause restriction of some functions and failure of response. Any value
except 0 and null effects valid.
EDITMODE Specify the edit mode of key input as the string. The default value is emacs. The value
except emacs, wordstar and vi or null are specified, any control character is not converted
and will be sent as it is.
EDITOR Specify the editor command used for editing files.
ENV∗ Specify the additional initial configuration file when invoked as fdsh. You must specify
its filename as fullpath. When this variable is set, the initial configuration file is
read after /etc/fd2rc, and before .fd2rc or .fdshrc. This value will be ignored if your
real and effective UIDs or real and effective GIDs are different.
FCEDIT Specify the editor command used for fc the builtin command.
FD_VERSION A version string of the running fd.
FNAMEKCODE Specify the Kanji code for filename. Any filename is converted into the specified Kanji
code at the point of accessing the file, then you can refer to the file which has a Kanji
filename from another machine on network which use a different Kanji code. The archive
browser and browse the builtin command also refer the specified Kanji code. JIS8, JUNET,
HEX, CAP, etc. among them are the Kanji codes used in Samba. (UNIX)
SJIS, sjis Shift JIS
EUC, euc EUC-JP
JIS, jis 7bit JIS
JIS8, jis8 8bit JIS
JUNET, junet ISO-2022-JP
OJIS, ojis 7bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJIS8, ojis8 8bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJUNET, ojunet ISO-2022-JP (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
HEX, hex HEX
CAP, cap CAP
UTF8, utf8 UTF-8
UTF8-mac, mac UTF-8 for Mac OS X
UTF8-iconv UTF-8 for iconv
default no convert
FREQFILE Specify the translation frequency file for the users Kana-Kanji translation learning. If
the filename is not defined, the frequency information will not be saved nor be referred.
The default value is ~/.fd_freq. (UNIX)
FREQUMASK Specify the file creation mask with octal expression for the translation frequency file for
the users Kana-Kanji translation learning. The updated translation frequency file will be
rebuilt, not be overwritten, so that it is used even if existent file exists. But the mask
value set by umask the builtin command is prior, then actual mask value is the logical OR
of this value and umask value. (UNIX)
FTPADDRESS Specify the mail address used as the password for anonymous FTP, when the URL drive
connects the FTP host. The default value is FDclone@. (UNIX)
FTPLOGFILE Specify the filename to which communication logs are outputted, when the URL drive
communicates with the FTP host. If it is not specified as fullpath nor you don't prepare
the directory in which the log file is stored, no log will be outputted. (UNIX)
FTPPROXY Specify the URL used as the proxy server, when the URL drive connects the FTP host. The
URL format is scheme://[user[:password]@]host[:port]. You can specify ftp or http as
scheme. You can specify account information to connect the proxy server as user and
password. The default value is not specified. (UNIX)
FUNCLAYOUT Specify the layout of the function line, as the form of n * 100 + size. N means the number
of function keys to be displayed in the function line. Size means the block size of
function keys to be displayed. The default value is 1005. (It means 10 function keys will
be displayed, 5 of which are grouped.)
HIDEPASSWD Suppress displaying * as a replacement for the inputted letter, when the URL drive requires
you to input a password. Any value except 0 and null effects valid. (UNIX)
HISTFILE Specify the name of the command history file which can be referred by EXECUTE_FILE and
EXECUTE_SH. Unless you specify it, the command history is not loaded nor saved. The
default value is ~/.fd_history.
(On MS-DOS version, The default value is $HOME\fd.hst.)
HISTSIZE Specify the maximum number of the command histories which can be referred by EXECUTE_FILE
and EXECUTE_SH. The default value is 50. If this value is 0, you can refer to no command
history.
HISTUMASK Specify the file creation mask with octal expression for the command history file. It is
used only if no existent file exists. But the mask value set by umask the builtin command
is prior, then actual mask value is the logical OR of this value and umask value.
HOME∗ Specify the default value when no argument of cd the builtin command is specified. When
invoked as a login shell, if this variable is specified that directory becomes the current
directory, otherwise your home directory is automatically defined as this value.
HTMLLOGFILE Specify the filename to which received HTML data log are outputted, when the URL drive
communicates with the HTTP host. If it is not specified as fullpath nor you don't prepare
the directory in which the log file is stored, no log will be outputted. (UNIX)
HTTPLOGFILE Specify the filename to which communication logs are outputted, when the URL drive
communicates with the HTTP host. If it is not specified as fullpath nor you don't prepare
the directory in which the log file is stored, no log will be outputted. (UNIX)
HTTPPROXY Specify the URL used as the proxy server, when the URL drive connects the HTTP host. The
URL format is scheme://[user[:password]@]host[:port]. You can specify http as scheme. You
can specify account information to connect the proxy server as user and password. The
default value is not specified. (UNIX)
IFS∗ Specify the internal field separators. They are used in EXECUTE_SH to separate command and
arguments. Space, tab and newline are specified by default.
IGNORECASE Ignore uppercase/lowercase when filenames are compared. Any value except 0 and null
effects valid. (UNIX)
IMEBUFFER Specify whether if the Kana-Kanji translation table is held on memory or not. It will be
fast to translate strings from Kana to Kanji. You should set this if you have enough
memory. The following are specifiable values. (UNIX)
0 not hold on memory
1 only the Hinsi information table
2 also includes the index tables
3 hold all tables
IMELEARNING Specify the learning level with the translation frequency file for the users Kana-Kanji
translation learning. The larger value will increase the importance of the frequency
information. If the value is 0, the frequency information is only saved, without any
reference. The default value is 16. (UNIX)
IMEKEY Specify the key to toggle the direct input mode and the Kana-Kanji IME mode when you input
some strings. You can describe the same key name as bind command. The default value is
not specified. (UNIX)
INHERITCOPY Inherit the destination timestamp from the source timestamp when COPY_FILE command is
executed. Any value except 0 and null effects valid. (UNIX)
(On MS-DOS version, the destination timestamp is always inherited, if this variable is
effective or not.)
INPUTKCODE Specify the Kanji code for input from keyboard. When the value except the following is
specified, the Kanji code specified in compile is valid. (UNIX)
SJIS, sjis Shift JIS
EUC, euc EUC-JP
UTF8, utf8 UTF-8
UTF8-mac, mac UTF-8 for Mac OS X
UTF8-iconv UTF-8 for iconv
LANGUAGE Specify the language for display character. It means not only each messages displayed by
fd, but also a Kanji code of filename to be converted. The following is the kind of
languages, it doesn't have to be the string itself and is enough to contain the string, the
value of LANG the environment variable also can be used. JIS8, JUNET, etc. among them are
the Kanji codes used in Samba.
SJIS, sjis Shift JIS
EUC, euc EUC-JP
JIS, jis 7bit JIS
JIS8, jis8 8bit JIS
JUNET, junet ISO-2022-JP
OJIS, ojis 7bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJIS8, ojis8 8bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJUNET, ojunet ISO-2022-JP (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
UTF8, utf8 UTF-8
UTF8-mac, mac UTF-8 for Mac OS X
UTF8-iconv UTF-8 for iconv
en, C, POSIX English (message only)
default no convert
(On MS-DOS version, only the English is valid.)
LINENO∗ Indicate the current line number. When not in a script nor function, this value cannot be
guaranteed to make sense. If you unset or reset this value, this variable will lose its
special meaning to be treated as a general variable.
LINES∗ The variable for the lines of a terminal screen. If some value is set, this value will be
replaced automatically according to changing the screen size. If no value is set, this
value will remain unset.
LOGFILE Specify the log filename with the level spacified by LOGLEVEL or ROOTLOGLEVEL. If it is
not specified as fullpath, it will be regarded as the path under your home directory. You
must prepare the directory in which the log file is stored, because any directories are not
created automatically. The default value is not specified.
LOGLEVEL Specify the priority for the log contents. The default value is 0.
0 no log
1 only warning such as writing
2 notice such as changing, and over
3 info. such as refering, and over
>= 4 debug level, and over
The same operation can result as an error to output the log in the lower priority by 1
level.
LOGSIZE Specify the maximum kilobyte size for the log file specified by LOGFILE. If the size
exceeds this value, the last log file will be renamed as the filename followed by the
extension .old to create another new log file. The default value is 1024(1MB). If this
value is 0, the log file will not be renamed.
LOOPCURSOR Loop a cursor moving within the same page, when you move a cursor. Any value except 0 and
null effects valid.
MAIL∗ Specify the spool filename when the internal shell will check new mails. If MAILPATH is
set, it is prior to this. (UNIX)
MAILCHECK∗ Specify the interval of checking new mails in seconds, for the spool files specified by
MAILPATH or MAIL. The default value is 600 seconds. If this value is 0, it will be
checked before each prompt. (UNIX)
MAILPATH∗ Specify the multiple spool filenames, as the list separated by :, when the internal shell
will check new mails. The any specified files will be checked. Each filenames can be
followed by % and a arrival message of new mails. The default message is you have mail.
(UNIX)
MESSAGELANG Specify the language for display character. The language of messages specified by this
will be prior to the one specified by LANGUAGE. When the message is Japanese, the Kanji
code will be defined by the value of LANGUAGE. The following is the kind of languages, it
doesn't have to be the string itself and is enough to contain the string, the value of LANG
the environment variable also can be used. Otherwise, In case of some additional message
catalogs are prepared, you can specify its extension as the catalog name for MESSAGELANG to
replace messages.
en, C, POSIX English
ja Japanese
default the value of LANGUAGE
MINFILENAME Specify the minimum character length of filename display area in the file list. When the
area enough to be specified here cannot be obtained, the information is reduced in the
order of UID, GID, timestamp, size. The default value is 12 characters.
OPTARG∗ An option argument is substituted in getopts the builtin command.
OPTIND∗ Specify the index of the next parameter in getopts the builtin command.
PAGER Specify the pager command used for viewing files.
PATH∗ Specify the search path for executing external commands. You can specify multiple paths
separating with ':'.
PPID∗ Indicate the process ID of the parent proccess for fd which is invoked first. (UNIX)
PRECEDEPATH Specify the file preceding function, which displays only filenames before obtaining their
file information, for the directory which has a lot of files like as /dev. You can specify
multiple pathnames separating with ':'. You are enough to specify only the top directory
where you want to realize the file preceding function, then the file preceding function is
valid in all of the directories under that directory. When the file preceding function is
effective, any files are not sorted in that directory, and file information is obtained
file by file while waiting the key input. No pathname is specified by default.
PRECOPYMENU Display the menu in advance, which ask you what do you want with the same named files and
the restricted files, when you copy, move, or delete multiple files. In case of too many
target files, it avoids the occurrence of query after waiting for a moment. Any value
except 0 and null effects valid.
PROGRESSBAR Display the progress bar, which indicates the progress, when you copy, move, or delete
files. It needs the time to calculate the progress, to make the processing time a little
longer than no progress bar. Any value except 0 and null effects valid.
PS1 Specify the prompt string of input line in EXECUTE_SH. The default value is "$ ". The
following escape sequences are available.
\u username (UNIX)
\h hostname (UNIX)
\H hostname (including domain name) (UNIX)
\w fullpath of current directory
\~ fullpath of current directory
(to simplify home directory with ~)
\W current directory name
\! command history number
\$ if UID is 0, a #, otherwise a $ (UNIX)
\[ beginning of non-printing sequence
(terminal control character etc.)
\] ending of non-printing sequence
\e ESC (\033)
\ooo character indicated by the octal ooo
\\ \ itself
PS2 Specify the prompt string when more continuous input is needed in EXECUTE_SH. The default
value is "> ".
PS4∗ Specify the prompt string with which command strings are displayed when you do set -x.
PTYINKCODE Specify the Kanji code for the string passed to the pseudo terminal. The string, which is
converted from the Kanji code specified by INPUTKCODE to the Kanji code specified by this
command, is inputted to any processes running on the pseudo terminal. This variable has
the individual value for each pseudo terminal, so that you should change value of the
variable on the pseudo terminal to change the input Kanji code of the pseudo terminal
running already. (UNIX)
SJIS, sjis Shift JIS
EUC, euc EUC-JP
UTF8, utf8 UTF-8
UTF8-mac, mac UTF-8 for Mac OS X
UTF8-iconv UTF-8 for iconv
default no convert
PTYMENUKEY Specify the key to open the pseudo terminal menu while you are handling the pseudo
terminal. You can describe the same key name as bind command. You can select the
following items in the pseudo terminal menu: "SendAsIs", "InputCode", "Break", "NextWindow"
and "Kanji". Each item means respectively: sending the pseudo terminal menu key as is,
inputting the key name to be sent, terminating forcedly the process running in the pseudo
terminal, changing to the next window, invoking the Kana-Kanji IME. In "InputCode", you
can use the key name like as bind command, and also the Kanji code number used in the Kana-
Kanji IME mode. But you cannot select "NextWindow" in the non-split window mode. The
default value is not specified. (UNIX)
PTYMODE Use the pseudo terminal to invoke external commands. In the split window mode, the
independent pseudo terminals for every windows will be opened and enable you to handle
simultaneously multiple external commands via terminals. If the terminal in use can not
provide some functions required for the terminal emulation, the pseudo terminal may not
work correctly. Any value except 0 and null effects valid. (UNIX)
PTYOUTKCODE Specify the Kanji code for the string passed from the pseudo terminal. The string, which
is converted from the Kanji code specified by this command to the Kanji code specified by
LANGUAGE, is displayed from any processes running on the pseudo terminal. This variable
has the individual value for each pseudo terminal, so that you should change value of the
variable on the pseudo terminal to change the output Kanji code of the pseudo terminal
running already. (UNIX)
SJIS, sjis Shift JIS
EUC, euc EUC-JP
UTF8, utf8 UTF-8
UTF8-mac, mac UTF-8 for Mac OS X
UTF8-iconv UTF-8 for iconv
default no convert
PTYTERM Specify the value of TERM the environment variable to be passed to external commands, when
you use the pseudo terminal. Some termcap(5) or terminfo(5) may cause unexpected behavior
of the pseudo terminal, you should specify the effective terminal name in your environment.
The default value is vt100. (UNIX)
PWD∗ The variable for the current directory with the absolute representation. If some value is
set, this value will be replaced automatically according to changing the current directory.
If no value is set, this value will remain unset. If this is passed as an environment
variable when invoked, and this value and the current directory indicate the same directory
logically, then it is used as the default value for the current directory. It is useful
when you want to specify the logical pathname following symbolic links.
ROOTLOGLEVEL Specify the priority for the log contents of the super user. The default value is 1.
(UNIX)
0 no log
1 only warning such as writing
2 notice such as changing, and over
3 info. such as refering, and over
>= 4 debug level, and over
The same operation can result as an error to output the log in the lower priority by 1
level.
RRPATH Display files under the directory mounted by CD-ROM, with the pseudo ISO 9660 RockRidge
Extension, for the OS which cannot support RockRidge Extension. You can specify multiple
mount points separating with ':'. You are enough to specify only the top directory mounted
by CD-ROM, then the pseudo RockRidge Extension function is valid in all of the directories
under that directory. This is no more than a pseudo extension, which only replaces
filenames according to TRANS.TBL, and cannot handle some CD-ROM which has an inconsistent
TRANS.TBL. No mount point is specified by default.
SAVEDIRHIST Specify the maximum number saved to the directory history file. The default value is 50.
If this value is 0, no directory history file is saved.
SAVEHIST Specify the maximum number saved to the command history file. The default value is 50. If
this value is 0, no command history file is saved.
SECOND Display the second in the clock of the title line. But the clock is adjusted correctly
every 10 seconds, and some gap from the real time will be occurred in this span. Any value
except 0 and null effects valid.
SHELL When the filename part of this specified value is rfd or rfdsh, the shell becomes a
restricted shell as well as -r option when invoked. This variable also specify the shell
which can be invoked from EXECUTE_SH.
SIZEINFO Display the file size information line at the top of screen. The total size displayed here
is not the sum of bytes but the sum of disk block size occupied actually. Any value except
0 and null effects valid.
SIZEUNIT Represent the huge file size which overflows the displayed digit with the prefix of the SI
unit, as "KB", "MB" and so on. Any value except 0 and null effects valid.
SORTTREE Sort directories in the tree screen. The sorted type specified by SORT_DIR is used, but
they can not be sorted when it is "by size" or "by timestamp". The directory included in
the current directory path is always placed on the top of directory tree, with no regard to
the sorted type. Any value except 0 and null effects valid.
SORTTYPE The file list in the browser screen is not sorted by default, but placed in order
registered in the directory. This variable specify it to be sorted by default. The
following are specifiable values.
0 not sort
1 by filename 9 by filename(reverse)
2 by extension 10 by extension(reverse)
3 by size 11 by size(reverse)
4 by timestamp 12 by timestamp(reverse)
5 by length 13 by length(reverse)
100-113 keep the last sorted type
200-213 keep it also in archive browser
If you specify the value of 100-113, it is sorted according to the value indicated by lower
2 digits just after invoked, the last specified sorted type is kept when moving directory.
If you specify the value of 200-213, the last sort type will be kept also after invoking
the archive browser.
TERM∗ Specity the terminal name. When this value is dumb, unknown or un, it is regarded as the
dumb terminal to suppress any escape sequences in the internal shell in spite of DUMBSHELL.
If this value does not exist in termcap(5) and terminfo(5) entry, it is executable only
when it is invoked as fdsh. The terminal name will be variable dynamically, then you can
re-specify the suitable one as this value after invoked for some strange terminal display
and key input.
THRUARGS Pass through the pathnames as is, which is specified as the startup arguments. Fd expands
the meta character such as ~ and ${#} in the given pathname by itself, because the obsolete
low-level shell cannot support these expansion extended by POSIX. Fd can sometimes expand
the pathname given by the shell into the unexpected string as a result of duplicate
expansion, because the latest high-level shell generally support these expansion. This
variable will be suppress the expansion of arguments. Any value except 0 and null effects
valid.
TMPDIR Specify the working directory where the archiver command temporarily unpack files in the
archive file. The default value is /tmp.
(On MS-DOS version, The default value is `.'.)
TMPUMASK Specify the file creation mask with octal expression for files and directories created
temporarily in TMPDIR. But the mask value set by umask the builtin command is prior, then
actual mask value is the logical OR of this value and umask value.
TRADLAYOUT Use the traditional screen layout based on the original "FD". In this layout, the file
size information will be always displayed, whether SIZEINFO is set or not. When the screen
width is less than 80 columns, this specification is invalid. Any value except 0 and null
effects valid.
UNICODEBUFFER Hold the UNICODE translation table on memory. It will be fast to access the floppy drive
and to translate from/to UTF-8. You should set this if you have enough memory. Any value
except 0 and null effects valid.
URLDRIVE Validate the function of the URL drive. Any value except 0 and null effects valid. (UNIX)
URLKCODE Specify the Kanji code for filename on the host with the URL drive. JIS8, JUNET, HEX, CAP,
etc. among them are the Kanji codes used in Samba. (UNIX)
SJIS, sjis Shift JIS
EUC, euc EUC-JP
JIS, jis 7bit JIS
JIS8, jis8 8bit JIS
JUNET, junet ISO-2022-JP
OJIS, ojis 7bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJIS8, ojis8 8bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJUNET, ojunet ISO-2022-JP (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
HEX, hex HEX
CAP, cap CAP
UTF8, utf8 UTF-8
UTF8-mac, mac UTF-8 for Mac OS X
UTF8-iconv UTF-8 for iconv
default no convert
URLOPTIONS Specify communication options, when the URL drive communicates with the host. You can
select individually whether if PASV, PORT, MDTM, FEAT each commands for the FTP
communication are limited or not, or whether if the exact file information is need or not.
On the HTTP protocol, you will get the timestamp and size of files with some rounding error
in bulk. If you need the exact information, the operations by file will spend the more
communication time. The default value is 0. The following are specifiable values. (UNIX)
0 standard
1 PASV
2 PORT
3 PASV & PORT
4 MDTM
5 PASV & MDTM
6 PORT & MDTM
7 PASV & PORT & MDTM
8 FEAT
9 PASV & FEAT
10 PORT & FEAT
11 PASV & PORT & FEAT
12 MDTM & FEAT
13 PASV & MDTM & FEAT
14 PORT & MDTM & FEAT
15 PASV & PORT & MDTM & FEAT
16 HTTP
17 PASV & HTTP
18 PORT & HTTP
19 PASV & PORT & HTTP
20 MDTM & HTTP
21 PASV & MDTM & HTTP
22 PORT & MDTM & HTTP
23 PASV & PORT & MDTM & HTTP
24 FEAT & HTTP
25 PASV & FEAT & HTTP
26 PORT & FEAT & HTTP
27 PASV & PORT & FEAT & HTTP
28 MDTM & FEAT & HTTP
29 PASV & MDTM & FEAT & HTTP
30 PORT & MDTM & FEAT & HTTP
31 PASV & PORT & MDTM & FEAT & HTTP
URLTIMEOUT Specify the timeout in seconds, when the URL drive communicates with the host. If the
communication from the host is lost for the time specified, the communication is regarded
as invalid and its connection will be shutdown forcedly. If this value is 0 second, the
timeout operation is invalid to continue waiting response forever. The default value is 0
second. (UNIX)
USEGETCURSOR Use the VT100 compatible escape sequence getting the cursor position in order to get the
terminal size. When the screen size of fd doesn't correspond with the terminal size, this
variable can be sometimes valid. On some terminals which don't support the escape sequence
getting the cursor position, the operation may be stopped. In this case, it is continued
by inputting 'R' from the keyboard. Any value except 0 and null effects valid. (UNIX)
USESYSLOG Send the log to syslogd(8) the system logger with the level spacified by LOGLEVEL or
ROOTLOGLEVEL. The log priority is LOG_ERR only some errors are caused, otherwise the log
priority is always LOG_INFO. LOG_USER is used as the facirity if it can be specified. Any
value except 0 and null effects valid. (UNIX)
WIDEDIGIT Widen the displayed digits for the number of pages and files. The standard displayed
digits for the number of pages and files are 2 and 4 respectively. This expands them into
4 and 5 respectively. Any value except 0 and null effects valid.
WRITEFS Forbid use of WRITE_DIR command. If the value is 1, the directory is written only when the
command is executed intentionally, and you are not confirmed after arranging the file
order. If the value is 2, even writing by the command is invalid, the directory writing is
quite forbidden.
SJISPATH
EUCPATH
JISPATH
JIS8PATH
JUNETPATH
OJISPATH
OJIS8PATH
OJUNETPATH
HEXPATH
CAPPATH
UTF8PATH
UTF8MACPATH
UTF8ICONVPATH
NOCONVPATH Specify the Kanji code for filename per directory, which is prior to FNAMEKCODE. You can
specify multiple pathnames separating with ':'. You are enough to specify only the top
directory where you want to use the Kanji code, then you can use the Kanji code in all of
the directories under that directory. In the directory which is described in NOCONVPATH,
no Kanji code is converted ignoring the value of FNAMEKCODE. No pathname is specified by
default. (UNIX)
MULTI LANGUAGE SUPPORT
Fd processes the Kanji character-set to input/output as "EUC-JP" or "Shift JIS" according to setting in
compile. The the pathname including Kanji is displayed in consideration for the 2nd byte character in
Kanji. You can dynamically select Kanji code to input/output with LANGUAGE, INPUTKCODE and FNAMEKCODE
the internal variable. You can input Japanese string with the Kana-Kanji IME mode.
You can use Kanji in the command macro and the command string, but cannot use Kanji as the value of the
internal variables. You cannot use the multibyte symbol character as the meta character, such as '%' and
'"' and so on, Kanji character is not counted as 1 character in the wildcard search.
And when you give the non-standard Kanji code for the OS to the shell with the parameter macro such as
%JJ, some Kanji is converted into the code including the meta character such as '$' and '\' and so on, to
cause unexpected behavior. In that case, you can probably avoid it by quoting the string to be converted
with %'.
AUTHOR
Takashi SHIRAI <shirai@unixusers.net> The original "FD" for MS-DOS was created and released by A.Idei <SDI00544@niftyserve.or.jp> for the first time, in 1989. Fd was created for UNIX from scratch following that implementation, in 1995.
FILES
/etc/fd2rc
The systemwide initial configuration file for fd
~/.fd2rc The individual initial configuration file for fd
~/.fdshrc The individual initial configuration file for fdsh
~/.fd_history
The command history file by default
~/.fd_freq
The translation frequency file by default for the users Kana-Kanji translation learning
/bin/sh The user shell when SHELL the environment variable is undefined
/bin/rm The command to remove temporary files when abort
/tmp/fd∗ The temporary directory to unpack the archive file
fd-unicd.tbl
The UNICODE translation table, which is installed in the same directory as the executable
binary of fd
fd-dict.tbl
The Kana-Kanji translation dictionary file, which is installed in the same directory as the
executable binary of fd
fd2rc The systemwide initial configuration file for fd on MS-DOS version, which must be prepared in
the same directory as the executable binary of fd
$HOME\fd2.rc
The individual initial configuration file for fd on MS-DOS version
$HOME\fdsh.rc
The individual initial configuration file for fdsh on MS-DOS version
$HOME\fd.hst
The command history file on MS-DOS version by default
LIMITATIONS
Some terminals cannot send the input of certain function keys and special keys. The sequence compatible
with VT200 is assigned as the default sequence which is not registered in termcap(5), and when the
terminal cannot support this, the key receipt or the screen control due to be brought by this is not
available.
SEE ALSO
sh(1), echo(1), test(1), ls(1), rm(1), tar(1), compress(1), zcat(1), gzip(1), gunzip(1), lha(1), login(1), newgrp(1), stty(1), umask(2), termcap(5), terminfo(5), syslogd(8)
BUGS
When files in an archive file are packed with a pathname including "..", the archive browser cannot work
normally. The symbolic links in an archive file cannot be unpacked individually.
The user interface is cheap.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 1995-2014 by Takashi SHIRAI
May 6, 2014 FD(1)