Ubuntu Manpage: screen - screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation

Provided by: screen_4.3.1-2ubuntu0.1_amd64

NAME

       screen - screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation

SYNOPSIS

       screen [ -options ] [ cmd [ args ] ]
       screen -r [[pid.]tty[.host]]
       screen -r sessionowner/[[pid.]tty[.host]]

DESCRIPTION

Screen is a full-screen window manager that multiplexes a physical terminal between several processes
(typically interactive shells). Each virtual terminal provides the functions of a DEC VT100 terminal
and, in addition, several control functions from the ISO 6429 (ECMA 48, ANSI X3.64) and ISO 2022
standards (e.g. insert/delete line and support for multiple character sets). There is a scrollback
history buffer for each virtual terminal and a copy-and-paste mechanism that allows moving text regions
between windows.

When screen is called, it creates a single window with a shell in it (or the specified command) and then
gets out of your way so that you can use the program as you normally would. Then, at any time, you can
create new (full-screen) windows with other programs in them (including more shells), kill existing
windows, view a list of windows, turn output logging on and off, copy-and-paste text between windows,
view the scrollback history, switch between windows in whatever manner you wish, etc. All windows run
their programs completely independent of each other. Programs continue to run when their window is
currently not visible and even when the whole screen session is detached from the user's terminal. When
a program terminates, screen (per default) kills the window that contained it. If this window was in the
foreground, the display switches to the previous window; if none are left, screen exits. Shells usually
distinguish between running as login-shell or sub-shell. Screen runs them as sub-shells, unless told
otherwise (See "shell" .screenrc command).

Everything you type is sent to the program running in the current window. The only exception to this is
the one keystroke that is used to initiate a command to the window manager. By default, each command
begins with a control-a (abbreviated C-a from now on), and is followed by one other keystroke. The
command character and all the key bindings can be fully customized to be anything you like, though they
are always two characters in length.

Screen does not understand the prefix "C-" to mean control, although this notation is used in this manual
for readability. Please use the caret notation ("^A" instead of "C-a") as arguments to e.g. the escape
command or the -e option. Screen will also print out control characters in caret notation.

The standard way to create a new window is to type "C-a c". This creates a new window running a shell
and switches to that window immediately, regardless of the state of the process running in the current
window. Similarly, you can create a new window with a custom command in it by first binding the command
to a keystroke (in your .screenrc file or at the "C-a :" command line) and then using it just like the
"C-a c" command. In addition, new windows can be created by running a command like:

screen emacs prog.c

from a shell prompt within a previously created window. This will not run another copy of screen, but
will instead supply the command name and its arguments to the window manager (specified in the $STY
environment variable) who will use it to create the new window. The above example would start the emacs
editor (editing prog.c) and switch to its window. - Note that you cannot transport environment variables
from the invoking shell to the application (emacs in this case), because it is forked from the parent
screen process, not from the invoking shell.

If "/var/run/utmp" is writable by screen, an appropriate record will be written to this file for each
window, and removed when the window is terminated. This is useful for working with "talk", "script",
"shutdown", "rsend", "sccs" and other similar programs that use the utmp file to determine who you are.
As long as screen is active on your terminal, the terminal's own record is removed from the utmp file.
See also "C-a L".

GETTING STARTED

Before you begin to use screen you'll need to make sure you have correctly selected your terminal type,
just as you would for any other termcap/terminfo program. (You can do this by using tset for example.)

If you're impatient and want to get started without doing a lot more reading, you should remember this
one command: "C-a ?". Typing these two characters will display a list of the available screen commands
and their bindings. Each keystroke is discussed in the section "DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS". The manual section
"CUSTOMIZATION" deals with the contents of your .screenrc.

If your terminal is a "true" auto-margin terminal (it doesn't allow the last position on the screen to be
updated without scrolling the screen) consider using a version of your terminal's termcap that has
automatic margins turned off. This will ensure an accurate and optimal update of the screen in all
circumstances. Most terminals nowadays have "magic" margins (automatic margins plus usable last column).
This is the VT100 style type and perfectly suited for screen. If all you've got is a "true" auto-margin
terminal screen will be content to use it, but updating a character put into the last position on the
screen may not be possible until the screen scrolls or the character is moved into a safe position in
some other way. This delay can be shortened by using a terminal with insert-character capability.

COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS

Screen has the following command-line options:

-a include all capabilities (with some minor exceptions) in each window's termcap, even if screen must
redraw parts of the display in order to implement a function.

-A Adapt the sizes of all windows to the size of the current terminal. By default, screen tries to
restore its old window sizes when attaching to resizable terminals (those with "WS" in its
description, e.g. suncmd or some xterm).

-c file
override the default configuration file from "$HOME/.screenrc" to file.

-d|-D [pid.tty.host]
does not start screen, but detaches the elsewhere running screen session. It has the same effect as
typing "C-a d" from screen's controlling terminal. -D is the equivalent to the power detach key. If
no session can be detached, this option is ignored. In combination with the -r/-R option more
powerful effects can be achieved:

-d -r Reattach a session and if necessary detach it first.

-d -R Reattach a session and if necessary detach or even create it first.

-d -RR Reattach a session and if necessary detach or create it. Use the first session if more than one
session is available.

-D -r Reattach a session. If necessary detach and logout remotely first.

-D -R Attach here and now. In detail this means: If a session is running, then reattach. If necessary
detach and logout remotely first. If it was not running create it and notify the user. This is
the author's favorite.

-D -RR Attach here and now. Whatever that means, just do it.

Note: It is always a good idea to check the status of your sessions by means of "screen -list".

-e xy
specifies the command character to be x and the character generating a literal command character to
y (when typed after the command character). The default is "C-a" and `a', which can be specified as
"-e^Aa". When creating a screen session, this option sets the default command character. In a
multiuser session all users added will start off with this command character. But when attaching to
an already running session, this option changes only the command character of the attaching user.
This option is equivalent to either the commands "defescape" or "escape" respectively.

-f, -fn, and -fa
turns flow-control on, off, or "automatic switching mode". This can also be defined through the
"defflow" .screenrc command.

-h num
Specifies the history scrollback buffer to be num lines high.

-i will cause the interrupt key (usually C-c) to interrupt the display immediately when flow-control is
on. See the "defflow" .screenrc command for details. The use of this option is discouraged.

-l and -ln
turns login mode on or off (for /var/run/utmp updating). This can also be defined through the
"deflogin" .screenrc command.

-ls [match]
-list [match]
does not start screen, but prints a list of pid.tty.host strings and creation timestamps identifying
your screen sessions. Sessions marked `detached' can be resumed with "screen -r". Those marked
`attached' are running and have a controlling terminal. If the session runs in multiuser mode, it is
marked `multi'. Sessions marked as `unreachable' either live on a different host or are `dead'. An
unreachable session is considered dead, when its name matches either the name of the local host, or
the specified parameter, if any. See the -r flag for a description how to construct matches.
Sessions marked as `dead' should be thoroughly checked and removed. Ask your system administrator
if you are not sure. Remove sessions with the -wipe option.

-L tells screen to turn on automatic output logging for the windows.

-m causes screen to ignore the $STY environment variable. With "screen -m" creation of a new session is
enforced, regardless whether screen is called from within another screen session or not. This flag
has a special meaning in connection with the `-d' option:

-d -m Start screen in "detached" mode. This creates a new session but doesn't attach to it. This is
useful for system startup scripts.

-D -m This also starts screen in "detached" mode, but doesn't fork a new process. The command exits if
the session terminates.

-O selects a more optimal output mode for your terminal rather than true VT100 emulation (only affects
auto-margin terminals without `LP'). This can also be set in your .screenrc by specifying `OP' in a
"termcap" command.

-p number_or_name|-|=|+
Preselect a window. This is useful when you want to reattach to a specific window or you want to
send a command via the "-X" option to a specific window. As with screen's select command, "-"
selects the blank window. As a special case for reattach, "=" brings up the windowlist on the blank
window, while a "+" will create a new window. The command will not be executed if the specified
window could not be found.

-q Suppress printing of error messages. In combination with "-ls" the exit value is as follows: 9
indicates a directory without sessions. 10 indicates a directory with running but not attachable
sessions. 11 (or more) indicates 1 (or more) usable sessions. In combination with "-r" the exit
value is as follows: 10 indicates that there is no session to resume. 12 (or more) indicates that
there are 2 (or more) sessions to resume and you should specify which one to choose. In all other
cases "-q" has no effect.

-Q Some commands now can be queried from a remote session using this flag, e.g. "screen -Q windows".
The commands will send the response to the stdout of the querying process. If there was an error in
the command, then the querying process will exit with a non-zero status.

The commands that can be queried now are:
echo
info
lastmsg
number
select
time
title
windows

-r [pid.tty.host]
-r sessionowner/[pid.tty.host]
resumes a detached screen session. No other options (except combinations with -d/-D) may be
specified, though an optional prefix of [pid.]tty.host may be needed to distinguish between multiple
detached screen sessions. The second form is used to connect to another user's screen session which
runs in multiuser mode. This indicates that screen should look for sessions in another user's
directory. This requires setuid-root.

-R resumes screen only when it's unambiguous which one to attach, usually when only one screen is
detached. Otherwise lists available sessions. -RR attempts to resume the youngest (in terms of
creation time) detached screen session it finds. If successful, all other command-line options are
ignored. If no detached session exists, starts a new session using the specified options, just as
if -R had not been specified. The option is set by default if screen is run as a login-shell
(actually screen uses "-xRR" in that case). For combinations with the -d/-D option see there.
Note: Time-based session selection is a Debian addition.

-s program
sets the default shell to the program specified, instead of the value in the environment variable
$SHELL (or "/bin/sh" if not defined). This can also be defined through the "shell" .screenrc
command. See also there.

-S sessionname
When creating a new session, this option can be used to specify a meaningful name for the session.
This name identifies the session for "screen -list" and "screen -r" actions. It substitutes the
default [tty.host] suffix.

-t name
sets the title (a.k.a.) for the default shell or specified program. See also the "shelltitle"
.screenrc command.

-T term
Set the $TERM environment varible using the spcified term as opposed to the defualt setting of
screen.

-U Run screen in UTF-8 mode. This option tells screen that your terminal sends and understands UTF-8
encoded characters. It also sets the default encoding for new windows to `utf8'.

-v Print version number.

-wipe [match]
does the same as "screen -ls", but removes destroyed sessions instead of marking them as `dead'. An
unreachable session is considered dead, when its name matches either the name of the local host, or
the explicitly given parameter, if any. See the -r flag for a description how to construct matches.

-x Attach to a not detached screen session. (Multi display mode). Screen refuses to attach from within
itself. But when cascading multiple screens, loops are not detected; take care.

-X Send the specified command to a running screen session. You may use the -S option to specify the
screen session if you have several screen sessions running. You can use the -d or -r option to tell
screen to look only for attached or detached screen sessions. Note that this command doesn't work if
the session is password protected.

-4 Resolve hostnames only to IPv4 addresses.

-6 Resolve hostnames only to IPv6 addresses.

DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS

       As mentioned, each screen command consists of  a  "C-a"  followed  by  one  other  character.   For  your
       convenience,  all commands that are bound to lower-case letters are also bound to their control character
       counterparts (with the exception of "C-a a"; see below), thus, "C-a c" as well as "C-a C-c" can  be  used
       to create a window. See section "CUSTOMIZATION" for a description of the command.

       The following table shows the default key bindings:

       C-a '       (select)      Prompt for a window name or number to switch to.

       C-a "       (windowlist -b)
                                 Present a list of all windows for selection.

       C-a 0       (select 0)
        …             …
       C-a 9       (select 9)
       C-a -       (select -)    Switch to window number 0 - 9, or to the blank window.

       C-a tab     (focus)       Switch the input focus to the next region.  See also split, remove, only.

       C-a C-a     (other)       Toggle  to the window displayed previously.  Note that this binding defaults to
                                 the command character typed twice, unless overridden.  For instance, if you use
                                 the option "-e]x", this command becomes "]]".

       C-a a       (meta)        Send the command character (C-a) to window. See escape command.

       C-a A       (title)       Allow the user to enter a name for the current window.

       C-a b
       C-a C-b     (break)       Send a break to window.

       C-a B       (pow_break)   Reopen the terminal line and send a break.

       C-a c
       C-a C-c     (screen)      Create a new window with a shell and switch to that window.

       C-a C       (clear)       Clear the screen.

       C-a d
       C-a C-d     (detach)      Detach screen from this terminal.

       C-a D D     (pow_detach)  Detach and logout.

       C-a f
       C-a C-f     (flow)        Toggle flow on, off or auto.

       C-a F       (fit)         Resize the window to the current region size.

       C-a C-g     (vbell)       Toggles screen's visual bell mode.

       C-a h       (hardcopy)    Write a hardcopy of the current window to the file "hardcopy.n".

       C-a H       (log)         Begins/ends logging of the current window to the file "screenlog.n".

       C-a i
       C-a C-i     (info)        Show info about this window.

       C-a k
       C-a C-k     (kill)        Destroy current window.

       C-a l
       C-a C-l     (redisplay)   Fully refresh current window.

       C-a L       (login)       Toggle this windows login slot. Available  only  if  screen  is  configured  to
                                 update the utmp database.

       C-a m
       C-a C-m     (lastmsg)     Repeat the last message displayed in the message line.

       C-a M       (monitor)     Toggles monitoring of the current window.

       C-a space
       C-a n
       C-a C-n     (next)        Switch to the next window.

       C-a N       (number)      Show the number (and title) of the current window.

       C-a backspace
       C-a C-h
       C-a p
       C-a C-p     (prev)        Switch to the previous window (opposite of C-a n).

       C-a q
       C-a C-q     (xon)         Send a control-q to the current window.

       C-a Q       (only)        Delete all regions but the current one.  See also split, remove, focus.

       C-a r
       C-a C-r     (wrap)        Toggle  the  current  window's  line-wrap  setting  (turn  the current window's
                                 automatic margins on and off).

       C-a s
       C-a C-s     (xoff)        Send a control-s to the current window.

       C-a S       (split)       Split the current region horizontally  into  two  new  ones.   See  also  only,
                                 remove, focus.

       C-a t
       C-a C-t     (time)        Show system information.

       C-a v       (version)     Display the version and compilation date.

       C-a C-v     (digraph)     Enter digraph.

       C-a w
       C-a C-w     (windows)     Show a list of window.

       C-a W       (width)       Toggle 80/132 columns.

       C-a x
       C-a C-x     (lockscreen)  Lock this terminal.

       C-a X       (remove)      Kill the current region.  See also split, only, focus.

       C-a z
       C-a C-z     (suspend)     Suspend screen.  Your system must support BSD-style job-control.

       C-a Z       (reset)       Reset the virtual terminal to its "power-on" values.

       C-a .       (dumptermcap) Write out a ".termcap" file.

       C-a ?       (help)        Show key bindings.

       C-a \       (quit)        Kill all windows and terminate screen.

       C-a :       (colon)       Enter command line mode.

       C-a [
       C-a C-[
       C-a esc     (copy)        Enter copy/scrollback mode.

       C-a C-]
       C-a ]       (paste .)     Write  the  contents  of  the  paste  buffer  to the stdin queue of the current
                                 window.

       C-a {
       C-a }       (history)     Copy and paste a previous (command) line.

       C-a >       (writebuf)    Write paste buffer to a file.

       C-a <       (readbuf)     Reads the screen-exchange file into the paste buffer.

       C-a =       (removebuf)   Removes the file used by C-a < and C-a >.

       C-a ,       (license)     Shows where screen comes from, where it went to and why you can use it.

       C-a _       (silence)     Start/stop monitoring the current window for inactivity.

       C-a |       (split -v)    Split the current region vertically into two new ones.

       C-a *       (displays)    Show a listing of all currently attached displays.

CUSTOMIZATION

The "socket directory" defaults either to $HOME/.screen or simply to /tmp/screens or preferably to
/var/run/screen chosen at compile-time. If screen is installed setuid-root, then the administrator should
compile screen with an adequate (not NFS mounted) socket directory. If screen is not running setuid-root,
the user can specify any mode 700 directory in the environment variable $SCREENDIR.

When screen is invoked, it executes initialization commands from the files "/etc/screenrc" and
".screenrc" in the user's home directory. These are the "programmer's defaults" that can be overridden in
the following ways: for the global screenrc file screen searches for the environment variable
$SYSSCREENRC (this override feature may be disabled at compile-time). The user specific screenrc file is
searched in $SCREENRC, then $HOME/.screenrc. The command line option -c takes precedence over the above
user screenrc files.

Commands in these files are used to set options, bind functions to keys, and to automatically establish
one or more windows at the beginning of your screen session. Commands are listed one per line, with
empty lines being ignored. A command's arguments are separated by tabs or spaces, and may be surrounded
by single or double quotes. A `#' turns the rest of the line into a comment, except in quotes.
Unintelligible lines are warned about and ignored. Commands may contain references to environment
variables. The syntax is the shell-like "$VAR " or "${VAR}". Note that this causes incompatibility with
previous screen versions, as now the '$'-character has to be protected with '\' if no variable
substitution shall be performed. A string in single-quotes is also protected from variable substitution.

Two configuration files are shipped as examples with your screen distribution: "etc/screenrc" and
"etc/etcscreenrc". They contain a number of useful examples for various commands.

Customization can also be done 'on-line'. To enter the command mode type `C-a :'. Note that commands
starting with "def" change default values, while others change current settings.

The following commands are available:

acladd usernames [crypted-pw]
addacl usernames

Enable users to fully access this screen session. Usernames can be one user or a comma separated list of
users. This command enables to attach to the screen session and performs the equivalent of `aclchg
usernames +rwx "#?"'. executed. To add a user with restricted access, use the `aclchg' command below.
If an optional second parameter is supplied, it should be a crypted password for the named user(s).
`Addacl' is a synonym to `acladd'. Multi user mode only.

aclchg usernames permbits list
chacl usernames permbits list

Change permissions for a comma separated list of users. Permission bits are represented as `r', `w' and
`x'. Prefixing `+' grants the permission, `-' removes it. The third parameter is a comma separated list
of commands and/or windows (specified either by number or title). The special list `#' refers to all
windows, `?' to all commands. if usernames consists of a single `*', all known users are affected. A
command can be executed when the user has the `x' bit for it. The user can type input to a window when
he has its `w' bit set and no other user obtains a writelock for this window. Other bits are currently
ignored. To withdraw the writelock from another user in window 2: `aclchg username -w+w 2'. To allow
read-only access to the session: `aclchg username -w "#"'. As soon as a user's name is known to screen he
can attach to the session and (per default) has full permissions for all command and windows. Execution
permission for the acl commands, `at' and others should also be removed or the user may be able to regain
write permission. Rights of the special username nobody cannot be changed (see the "su" command).
`Chacl' is a synonym to `aclchg'. Multi user mode only.

acldel username

Remove a user from screen's access control list. If currently attached, all the user's displays are
detached from the session. He cannot attach again. Multi user mode only.

aclgrp username [groupname]

Creates groups of users that share common access rights. The name of the group is the username of the
group leader. Each member of the group inherits the permissions that are granted to the group leader.
That means, if a user fails an access check, another check is made for the group leader. A user is
removed from all groups the special value "none" is used for groupname. If the second parameter is
omitted all groups the user is in are listed.

aclumask [[users]+bits |[users]-bits …. ]
umask [[users]+bits |[users]-bits …. ]

This specifies the access other users have to windows that will be created by the caller of the command.
Users may be no, one or a comma separated list of known usernames. If no users are specified, a list of
all currently known users is assumed. Bits is any combination of access control bits allowed defined
with the "aclchg" command. The special username "?" predefines the access that not yet known users will
be granted to any window initially. The special username "??" predefines the access that not yet known
users are granted to any command. Rights of the special username nobody cannot be changed (see the "su"
command). `Umask' is a synonym to `aclumask'.

activity message

When any activity occurs in a background window that is being monitored, screen displays a notification
in the message line. The notification message can be re-defined by means of the "activity" command.
Each occurrence of `%' in message is replaced by the number of the window in which activity has occurred,
and each occurrence of `^G' is replaced by the definition for bell in your termcap (usually an audible
bell). The default message is

'Activity in window %n'

Note that monitoring is off for all windows by default, but can be altered by use of the "monitor"
command (C-a M).

allpartial on|off

If set to on, only the current cursor line is refreshed on window change. This affects all windows and
is useful for slow terminal lines. The previous setting of full/partial refresh for each window is
restored with "allpartial off". This is a global flag that immediately takes effect on all windows
overriding the "partial" settings. It does not change the default redraw behavior of newly created
windows.

altscreen on|off

If set to on, "alternate screen" support is enabled in virtual terminals, just like in xterm. Initial
setting is `off'.

at [identifier][#|*|%] command [args … ]

Execute a command at other displays or windows as if it had been entered there. "At" changes the context
(the `current window' or `current display' setting) of the command. If the first parameter describes a
non-unique context, the command will be executed multiple times. If the first parameter is of the form
`identifier*' then identifier is matched against user names. The command is executed once for each
display of the selected user(s). If the first parameter is of the form `identifier%' identifier is
matched against displays. Displays are named after the ttys they attach. The prefix `/dev/' or `/dev/tty'
may be omitted from the identifier. If identifier has a `#' or nothing appended it is matched against
window numbers and titles. Omitting an identifier in front of the `#', `*' or `%'-character selects all
users, displays or windows because a prefix-match is performed. Note that on the affected display(s) a
short message will describe what happened. Permission is checked for initiator of the "at" command, not
for the owners of the affected display(s). Note that the '#' character works as a comment introducer
when it is preceded by whitespace. This can be escaped by prefixing a '\'. Permission is checked for the
initiator of the "at" command, not for the owners of the affected display(s).
Caveat: When matching against windows, the command is executed at least once per window. Commands that
change the internal arrangement of windows (like "other") may be called again. In shared windows the
command will be repeated for each attached display. Beware, when issuing toggle commands like "login"!
Some commands (e.g. "process") require that a display is associated with the target windows. These
commands may not work correctly under "at" looping over windows.

attrcolor attrib [attribute/color-modifier]

This command can be used to highlight attributes by changing the color of the text. If the attribute
attrib is in use, the specified attribute/color modifier is also applied. If no modifier is given, the
current one is deleted. See the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter for the syntax of the modifier. Screen
understands two pseudo-attributes, "i" stands for high-intensity foreground color and "I" for high-
intensity background color.

Examples:

attrcolor b "R"

Change the color to bright red if bold text is to be printed.

attrcolor u "-u b"

Use blue text instead of underline.

attrcolor b ".I"

Use bright colors for bold text. Most terminal emulators do this already.

attrcolor i "+b"

Make bright colored text also bold.

autodetach on|off

Sets whether screen will automatically detach upon hangup, which saves all your running programs until
they are resumed with a screen -r command. When turned off, a hangup signal will terminate screen and
all the processes it contains. Autodetach is on by default.

autonuke on|off

Sets whether a clear screen sequence should nuke all the output that has not been written to the
terminal. See also "obuflimit".

backtick id lifespan autorefresh cmd args…
backtick id

Program the backtick command with the numerical id id. The output of such a command is used for
substitution of the "%`" string escape. The specified lifespan is the number of seconds the output is
considered valid. After this time, the command is run again if a corresponding string escape is
encountered. The autorefresh parameter triggers an automatic refresh for caption and hardstatus strings
after the specified number of seconds. Only the last line of output is used for substitution.
If both the lifespan and the autorefresh parameters are zero, the backtick program is expected to stay in
the background and generate output once in a while. In this case, the command is executed right away and
screen stores the last line of output. If a new line gets printed screen will automatically refresh the
hardstatus or the captions.
The second form of the command deletes the backtick command with the numerical id id.

bce [on|off]

Change background-color-erase setting. If "bce" is set to on, all characters cleared by an
erase/insert/scroll/clear operation will be displayed in the current background color. Otherwise the
default background color is used.

bell_msg [message]

When a bell character is sent to a background window, screen displays a notification in the message line.
The notification message can be re-defined by this command. Each occurrence of `%' in message is
replaced by the number of the window to which a bell has been sent, and each occurrence of `^G' is
replaced by the definition for bell in your termcap (usually an audible bell). The default message is

'Bell in window %n'

An empty message can be supplied to the "bell_msg" command to suppress output of a message line (bell_msg
""). Without parameter, the current message is shown.

bind [-c class] key [command [args]]

Bind a command to a key. By default, most of the commands provided by screen are bound to one or more
keys as indicated in the "DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS" section, e.g. the command to create a new window is bound
to "C-c" and "c". The "bind" command can be used to redefine the key bindings and to define new
bindings. The key argument is either a single character, a two-character sequence of the form "^x"
(meaning "C-x"), a backslash followed by an octal number (specifying the ASCII code of the character), or
a backslash followed by a second character, such as "\^" or "\\". The argument can also be quoted, if
you like. If no further argument is given, any previously established binding for this key is removed.
The command argument can be any command listed in this section.

If a command class is specified via the "-c" option, the key is bound for the specified class. Use the
"command" command to activate a class. Command classes can be used to create multiple command keys or
multi-character bindings.

Some examples:

bind ' ' windows
bind ^k
bind k
bind K kill
bind ^f screen telnet foobar
bind \033 screen -ln -t root -h 1000 9 su

would bind the space key to the command that displays a list of windows (so that the command usually
invoked by "C-a C-w" would also be available as "C-a space"). The next three lines remove the default
kill binding from "C-a C-k" and "C-a k". "C-a K" is then bound to the kill command. Then it binds "C-f"
to the command "create a window with a TELNET connection to foobar", and bind "escape" to the command
that creates an non-login window with a.k.a. "root" in slot #9, with a superuser shell and a scrollback
buffer of 1000 lines.

bind -c demo1 0 select 10
bind -c demo1 1 select 11
bind -c demo1 2 select 12
bindkey "^B" command -c demo1

makes "C-b 0" select window 10, "C-b 1" window 11, etc.

bind -c demo2 0 select 10
bind -c demo2 1 select 11
bind -c demo2 2 select 12
bind - command -c demo2

makes "C-a - 0" select window 10, "C-a - 1" window 11, etc.

bindkey [-d] [-m] [-a] [[-k|-t] string [cmd args]]

This command manages screen's input translation tables. Every entry in one of the tables tells screen how
to react if a certain sequence of characters is encountered. There are three tables: one that should
contain actions programmed by the user, one for the default actions used for terminal emulation and one
for screen's copy mode to do cursor movement. See section "INPUT TRANSLATION" for a list of default key
bindings.
If the -d option is given, bindkey modifies the default table, -m changes the copy mode table and with
neither option the user table is selected. The argument string is the sequence of characters to which an
action is bound. This can either be a fixed string or a termcap keyboard capability name (selectable with
the -k option).
Some keys on a VT100 terminal can send a different string if application mode is turned on (e.g the
cursor keys). Such keys have two entries in the translation table. You can select the application mode
entry by specifying the -a option.
The -t option tells screen not to do inter-character timing. One cannot turn off the timing if a termcap
capability is used.
Cmd can be any of screen's commands with an arbitrary number of args. If cmd is omitted the key-binding
is removed from the table.
Here are some examples of keyboard bindings:

bindkey -d
Show all of the default key bindings. The application mode entries are marked with [A].

bindkey -k k1 select 1
Make the "F1" key switch to window one.

bindkey -t foo stuff barfoo
Make "foo" an abbreviation of the word "barfoo". Timeout is disabled so that users can type slowly.

bindkey "\024" mapdefault
This key-binding makes "^T" an escape character for key-bindings. If you did the above "stuff barfoo"
binding, you can enter the word "foo" by typing "^Tfoo". If you want to insert a "^T" you have to press
the key twice (i.e., escape the escape binding).

bindkey -k F1 command
Make the F11 (not F1!) key an alternative screen escape (besides ^A).

break [duration]

Send a break signal for duration*0.25 seconds to this window. For non-Posix systems the time interval
may be rounded up to full seconds. Most useful if a character device is attached to the window rather
than a shell process (See also chapter "WINDOW TYPES"). The maximum duration of a break signal is limited
to 15 seconds.

blanker

Activate the screen blanker. First the screen is cleared. If no blanker program is defined, the cursor is
turned off, otherwise, the program is started and it's output is written to the screen. The screen
blanker is killed with the first keypress, the read key is discarded.
This command is normally used together with the "idle" command.

blankerprg [program args]

Defines a blanker program. Disables the blanker program if an empty argument is given. Shows the
currently set blanker program if no arguments are given.

breaktype [tcsendbreak|TIOCSBRK |TCSBRK]

Choose one of the available methods of generating a break signal for terminal devices. This command
should affect the current window only. But it still behaves identical to "defbreaktype". This will be
changed in the future. Calling "breaktype" with no parameter displays the break method for the current
window.

bufferfile [exchange-file]

Change the filename used for reading and writing with the paste buffer. If the optional argument to the
"bufferfile" command is omitted, the default setting ("/tmp/screen-exchange") is reactivated. The
following example will paste the system's password file into the screen window (using the paste buffer,
where a copy remains):

C-a : bufferfile /etc/passwd
C-a < C-a ]
C-a : bufferfile

bumpleft

Swaps window with previous one on window list.

bumpright

Swaps window with next one on window list.

c1 [on|off]

Change c1 code processing. "C1 on" tells screen to treat the input characters between 128 and 159 as
control functions. Such an 8-bit code is normally the same as ESC followed by the corresponding 7-bit
code. The default setting is to process c1 codes and can be changed with the "defc1" command. Users with
fonts that have usable characters in the c1 positions may want to turn this off.

caption always|splitonly [string]
caption string [string]

This command controls the display of the window captions. Normally a caption is only used if more than
one window is shown on the display (split screen mode). But if the type is set to always screen shows a
caption even if only one window is displayed. The default is splitonly.

The second form changes the text used for the caption. You can use all escapes from the "STRING ESCAPES"
chapter. Screen uses a default of `%3n %t'.

You can mix both forms by providing a string as an additional argument.

charset set

Change the current character set slot designation and charset mapping. The first four character of set
are treated as charset designators while the fifth and sixth character must be in range '0' to '3' and
set the GL/GR charset mapping. On every position a '.' may be used to indicate that the corresponding
charset/mapping should not be changed (set is padded to six characters internally by appending '.'
chars). New windows have "BBBB02" as default charset, unless a "encoding" command is active.
The current setting can be viewed with the "info" command.

chdir [directory]

Change the current directory of screen to the specified directory or, if called without an argument, to
your home directory (the value of the environment variable $HOME). All windows that are created by means
of the "screen" command from within ".screenrc" or by means of "C-a : screen …" or "C-a c" use this as
their default directory. Without a chdir command, this would be the directory from which screen was
invoked. Hardcopy and log files are always written to the window's default directory, not the current
directory of the process running in the window. You can use this command multiple times in your
.screenrc to start various windows in different default directories, but the last chdir value will affect
all the windows you create interactively.

cjkwidth [ on | off ]

Treat ambiguous width characters as full/half width.

clear

Clears the current window and saves its image to the scrollback buffer.

collapse

Reorders window on window list, removing number gaps between them.

colon [prefix]

Allows you to enter ".screenrc" command lines. Useful for on-the-fly modification of key bindings,
specific window creation and changing settings. Note that the "set" keyword no longer exists! Usually
commands affect the current window rather than default settings for future windows. Change defaults with
commands starting with 'def…'.

If you consider this as the `Ex command mode' of screen, you may regard "C-a esc" (copy mode) as its `Vi
command mode'.

command [-c class]

This command has the same effect as typing the screen escape character (^A). It is probably only useful
for key bindings. If the "-c" option is given, select the specified command class. See also "bind" and
"bindkey".

compacthist [on|off]

This tells screen whether to suppress trailing blank lines when scrolling up text into the history
buffer.

console [on|off]

Grabs or un-grabs the machines console output to a window. Note: Only the owner of /dev/console can grab
the console output. This command is only available if the machine supports the ioctl TIOCCONS.

copy

Enter copy/scrollback mode. This allows you to copy text from the current window and its history into the
paste buffer. In this mode a vi-like `full screen editor' is active:
Movement keys:
h, C-h, or left arrow move the cursor left.
j, C-n, or down arrow move the cursor down.
k, C-p, or up arrow move the cursor up.
l ('el') or right arrow move the cursor right.
0 (zero) or C-a move to the leftmost column.
+ and - positions one line up and down.
H, M and L move the cursor to the leftmost column of the top, center or bottom line of the window.
| moves to the specified absolute column.
g or home moves to the beginning of the buffer.
G or end moves to the specified absolute line (default: end of buffer).
% jumps to the specified percentage of the buffer.
^ or $ move to the leftmost column, to the first or last non-whitespace character on the line.
w, b, and e move the cursor word by word.
B, E move the cursor WORD by WORD (as in vi).
f/F, t/T move the cursor forward/backward to the next occurence of the target. (eg, '3fy' will move the
cursor to the 3rd 'y' to the right.)
; and , Repeat the last f/F/t/T command in the same/opposite direction.
C-e and C-y scroll the display up/down by one line while preserving the cursor position.
C-u and C-d scroll the display up/down by the specified amount of lines while preserving the cursor
position. (Default: half screen-full).
C-b and C-f scroll the display up/down a full screen.

Note:
Emacs style movement keys can be customized by a .screenrc command. (E.g. markkeys "h=^B:l=^F:$=^E")
There is no simple method for a full emacs-style keymap, as this involves multi-character codes.

Marking:
The copy range is specified by setting two marks. The text between these marks will be highlighted.
Press:
space or enter to set the first or second mark respectively. If mousetrack is set to `on', marks can
also be set using left mouse click.
Y and y used to mark one whole line or to mark from start of line.
W marks exactly one word.
Repeat count:
Any of these commands can be prefixed with a repeat count number by pressing digits
0..9 which is taken as a repeat count.
Example: "C-a C-[ H 10 j 5 Y" will copy lines 11 to 15 into the paste buffer.
Searching:
/ Vi-like search forward.
? Vi-like search backward.
C-a s Emacs style incremental search forward.
C-r Emacs style reverse i-search.
n Find next search pattern.
N Find previous search pattern.
Specials:
There are however some keys that act differently than in vi. Vi does not allow one to yank
rectangular blocks of text, but screen does. Press:
c or C to set the left or right margin respectively. If no repeat count is given, both default to the
current cursor position.
Example: Try this on a rather full text screen: "C-a [ M 20 l SPACE c 10 l 5 j C SPACE".

This moves one to the middle line of the screen, moves in 20 columns left, marks the beginning of the
paste buffer, sets the left column, moves 5 columns down, sets the right column, and then marks the
end of the paste buffer. Now try:
"C-a [ M 20 l SPACE 10 l 5 j SPACE"

and notice the difference in the amount of text copied.
J joins lines. It toggles between 4 modes: lines separated by a newline character (012), lines glued
seamless, lines separated by a single whitespace and comma separated lines. Note that you can prepend
the newline character with a carriage return character, by issuing a "crlf on".
v or V is for all the vi users with ":set numbers" - it toggles the left margin between column 9 and 1.
Press
a before the final space key to toggle in append mode. Thus the contents of the paste buffer will not
be overwritten, but is appended to.
A toggles in append mode and sets a (second) mark.
> sets the (second) mark and writes the contents of the paste buffer to the screen-exchange file
(/tmp/screen-exchange per default) once copy-mode is finished.
This example demonstrates how to dump the whole scrollback buffer to that file: "C-A [ g SPACE G $
>".
C-g gives information about the current line and column.
x or o exchanges the first mark and the current cursor position. You can use this to adjust an already
placed mark.
C-l ('el') will redraw the screen.
@ does nothing. Does not even exit copy mode.
All keys not described here exit copy mode.

copy_reg [key]

No longer exists, use "readreg" instead.

crlf [on|off]

This affects the copying of text regions with the `C-a [' command. If it is set to `on', lines will be
separated by the two character sequence `CR' - `LF'. Otherwise (default) only `LF' is used. When no
parameter is given, the state is toggled.

debug on|off

Turns runtime debugging on or off. If screen has been compiled with option -DDEBUG debugging available
and is turned on per default. Note that this command only affects debugging output from the main "SCREEN"
process correctly. Debug output from attacher processes can only be turned off once and forever.

defc1 on|off

Same as the c1 command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is
`on'.

defautonuke on|off

Same as the autonuke command except that the default setting for new displays is changed. Initial setting
is `off'. Note that you can use the special `AN' terminal capability if you want to have a dependency on
the terminal type.

defbce on|off

Same as the bce command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is
`off'.

defbreaktype [tcsendbreak|TIOCSBRK |TCSBRK]

Choose one of the available methods of generating a break signal for terminal devices. The preferred
methods are tcsendbreak and TIOCSBRK. The third, TCSBRK, blocks the complete screen session for the
duration of the break, but it may be the only way to generate long breaks. Tcsendbreak and TIOCSBRK may
or may not produce long breaks with spikes (e.g. 4 per second). This is not only system-dependent, this
also differs between serial board drivers. Calling "defbreaktype" with no parameter displays the current
setting.

defcharset [set]

Like the charset command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Shows current
default if called without argument.

defescape xy

Set the default command characters. This is equivalent to the "escape" except that it is useful multiuser
sessions only. In a multiuser session "escape" changes the command character of the calling user, where
"defescape" changes the default command characters for users that will be added later.

defflow on|off|auto [interrupt]

Same as the flow command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is
`auto'. Specifying "defflow auto interrupt" is the same as the command-line options -fa and -i.

defgr on|off

Same as the gr command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is
`off'.

defhstatus [status]

The hardstatus line that all new windows will get is set to status. This command is useful to make the
hardstatus of every window display the window number or title or the like. Status may contain the same
directives as in the window messages, but the directive escape character is '^E' (octal 005) instead of
'%'. This was done to make a misinterpretation of program generated hardstatus lines impossible. If the
parameter status is omitted, the current default string is displayed. Per default the hardstatus line of
new windows is empty.

defencoding enc

Same as the encoding command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting
is the encoding taken from the terminal.

deflog on|off

Same as the log command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is
`off'.

deflogin on|off

Same as the login command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. This is initialized
with `on' as distributed (see config.h.in).

defmode mode

The mode of each newly allocated pseudo-tty is set to mode. Mode is an octal number. When no "defmode"
command is given, mode 0622 is used.

defmonitor on|off

Same as the monitor command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting
is `off'.

defmousetrack on|off

Same as the mousetrack command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial
setting is `off'.

defnonblock on|off|numsecs

Same as the nonblock command except that the default setting for displays is changed. Initial setting is
`off'.

defobuflimit limit

Same as the obuflimit command except that the default setting for new displays is changed. Initial
setting is 256 bytes. Note that you can use the special 'OL' terminal capability if you want to have a
dependency on the terminal type.

defscrollback num

Same as the scrollback command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial
setting is 100.

defshell command

Synonym to the shell .screenrc command. See there.

defsilence on|off

Same as the silence command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting
is `off'.

defslowpaste msec"

Same as the slowpaste command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting
is 0 milliseconds, meaning `off'.

defutf8 on|off

Same as the utf8 command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is
`on' if screen was started with "-U", otherwise `off'.

defwrap on|off

Same as the wrap command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initially line-wrap
is on and can be toggled with the "wrap" command ("C-a r") or by means of "C-a : wrap on|off".

defwritelock on|off|auto

Same as the writelock command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initially
writelocks will off.

defzombie [keys]

Synonym to the zombie command. Both currently change the default. See there.

detach [-h]

Detach the screen session (disconnect it from the terminal and put it into the background). This returns
you to the shell where you invoked screen. A detached screen can be resumed by invoking screen with the
-r option (see also section "COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS"). The -h option tells screen to immediately close the
connection to the terminal ("hangup").

dinfo

Show what screen thinks about your terminal. Useful if you want to know why features like color or the
alternate charset don't work.

displays

Shows a tabular listing of all currently connected user front-ends (displays). This is most useful for
multiuser sessions. The following keys can be used in displays list:
k, C-p, or up Move up one line.
j, C-n, or down Move down one line.
C-a or home Move to the first line.
C-e or end Move to the last line.
C-u or C-d Move one half page up or down.
C-b or C-f Move one full page up or down.
mouseclick Move to the selected line. Available when "mousetrack" is set to on.
space Refresh the list
d Detach that display
D Power detach that display
C-g, enter, or escape Exit the list

The following is an example of what "displays" could look like:

xterm 80x42 jnweiger@/dev/ttyp4 0(m11) &rWx
facit 80x24 mlschroe@/dev/ttyhf nb 11(tcsh) rwx
xterm 80x42 jnhollma@/dev/ttyp5 0(m11) &R.x
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F)(G) (H)(I)

The legend is as follows:
(A) The terminal type known by screen for this display.
(B) Displays geometry as width x height.
(C) Username who is logged in at the display.
(D) Device name of the display or the attached device
(E) Display is in blocking or nonblocking mode. The available modes are "nb", "NB", "Z<", "Z>", and "BL".
(F) Number of the window
(G) Name/title of window
(H) Whether the window is shared
(I) Window permissions. Made up of three characters:
(1st character)
‘-’ : no read
‘r’ : read
‘R’ : read only due to foreign wlock
(2nd character)
‘-’ : no write
‘.’ : write suppressed by foreign wlock
‘w’ : write
‘W’ : own wlock
(3rd character)
‘-’ : no execute
‘x’ : execute

"Displays" needs a region size of at least 10 characters wide and 5 characters high in order to display.

digraph [preset[unicode-value]]

This command prompts the user for a digraph sequence. The next two characters typed are looked up in a
builtin table and the resulting character is inserted in the input stream. For example, if the user
enters 'a"', an a-umlaut will be inserted. If the first character entered is a 0 (zero), screen will
treat the following characters (up to three) as an octal number instead. The optional argument preset is
treated as user input, thus one can create an "umlaut" key. For example the command "bindkey ^K digraph
'"'" enables the user to generate an a-umlaut by typing CTRL-K a. When a non-zero unicode-value is
specified, a new digraph is created with the specified preset. The digraph is unset if a zero value is
provided for the unicode-value.

dumptermcap

Write the termcap entry for the virtual terminal optimized for the currently active window to the file
".termcap" in the user's "$HOME/.screen" directory (or wherever screen stores its sockets. See the
"FILES" section below). This termcap entry is identical to the value of the environment variable
$TERMCAP that is set up by screen for each window. For terminfo based systems you will need to run a
converter like captoinfo and then compile the entry with tic.

echo [-n] message

The echo command may be used to annoy screen users with a 'message of the day'. Typically installed in a
global /etc/screenrc. The option "-n" may be used to suppress the line feed. See also "sleep". Echo is
also useful for online checking of environment variables.

encoding enc [enc]

Tell screen how to interpret the input/output. The first argument sets the encoding of the current
window. Each window can emulate a different encoding. The optional second parameter overwrites the
encoding of the connected terminal. It should never be needed as screen uses the locale setting to detect
the encoding. There is also a way to select a terminal encoding depending on the terminal type by using
the "KJ" termcap entry.

Supported encodings are eucJP, SJIS, eucKR, eucCN, Big5, GBK, KOI8-R, CP1251, UTF-8, ISO8859-2,
ISO8859-3, ISO8859-4, ISO8859-5, ISO8859-6, ISO8859-7, ISO8859-8, ISO8859-9, ISO8859-10, ISO8859-15, jis.

See also "defencoding", which changes the default setting of a new window.

escape xy

Set the command character to x and the character generating a literal command character (by triggering
the "meta" command) to y (similar to the -e option). Each argument is either a single character, a two-
character sequence of the form "^x" (meaning "C-x"), a backslash followed by an octal number (specifying
the ASCII code of the character), or a backslash followed by a second character, such as "\^" or "\\".
The default is "^Aa".

eval command1 [command2 …]

Parses and executes each argument as separate command.

exec [[fdpat] newcommand [args …]]

Run a unix subprocess (specified by an executable path newcommand and its optional arguments) in the
current window. The flow of data between newcommands stdin/stdout/stderr, the process originally started
in the window (let us call it "application-process") and screen itself (window) is controlled by the file
descriptor pattern fdpat. This pattern is basically a three character sequence representing stdin,
stdout and stderr of newcommand. A dot (.) connects the file descriptor to screen. An exclamation mark
(!) causes the file descriptor to be connected to the application-process. A colon (:) combines both.
User input will go to newcommand unless newcommand receives the application-process' output (fdpats first
character is `!' or `:') or a pipe symbol (|) is added (as a fourth character) to the end of fdpat.
Invoking `exec' without arguments shows name and arguments of the currently running subprocess in this
window. Only one subprocess a time can be running in each window.
When a subprocess is running the `kill' command will affect it instead of the windows process.
Refer to the postscript file `doc/fdpat.ps' for a confusing illustration of all 21 possible combinations.
Each drawing shows the digits 2,1,0 representing the three file descriptors of newcommand. The box marked
`W' is the usual pty that has the application-process on its slave side. The box marked `P' is the
secondary pty that now has screen at its master side.

Abbreviations:
Whitespace between the word `exec' and fdpat and the command can be omitted. Trailing dots and a fdpat
consisting only of dots can be omitted. A simple `|' is synonymous for the pattern `!..|'; the word exec
can be omitted here and can always be replaced by `!'.

Examples:

exec … /bin/sh
exec /bin/sh
!/bin/sh

Creates another shell in the same window, while the original shell is still running. Output of both
shells is displayed and user input is sent to the new /bin/sh.

exec !.. stty 19200
exec ! stty 19200
!!stty 19200

Set the speed of the window's tty. If your stty command operates on stdout, then add another `!'.

exec !..| less
|less

This adds a pager to the window output. The special character `|' is needed to give the user control over
the pager although it gets its input from the window's process. This works, because less listens on
stderr (a behavior that screen would not expect without the `|') when its stdin is not a tty. Less
versions newer than 177 fail miserably here; good old pg still works.

!:sed -n s/.*Error.*/\007/p

Sends window output to both, the user and the sed command. The sed inserts an additional bell character
(oct. 007) to the window output seen by screen. This will cause "Bell in window x" messages, whenever
the string "Error" appears in the window.

fit

Change the window size to the size of the current region. This command is needed because screen doesn't
adapt the window size automatically if the window is displayed more than once.

flow [on|off|auto]

Sets the flow-control mode for this window. Without parameters it cycles the current window's flow-
control setting from "automatic" to "on" to "off". See the discussion on "FLOW-CONTROL" later on in this
document for full details and note, that this is subject to change in future releases. Default is set by
`defflow'.

focus [up|down|top|bottom]

Move the input focus to the next region. This is done in a cyclic way so that the top region is selected
after the bottom one. If no subcommand is given it defaults to `down'. `up' cycles in the opposite order,
`top' and `bottom' go to the top and bottom region respectively. Useful bindings are (j and k as in vi)
bind j focus down
bind k focus up
bind t focus top
bind b focus bottom
Note that k is traditionally bound to the kill command.

focusminsize [ ( width|max|_ ) ( height|max|_ ) ]

This forces any currently selected region to be automatically resized at least a certain width and
height. All other surrounding regions will be resized in order to accommodate. This constraint follows
everytime the "focus" command is used. The "resize" command can be used to increase either dimension of a
region, but never below what is set with "focusminsize". The underscore `_' is a synonym for max. Setting
a width and height of `0 0' (zero zero) will undo any constraints and allow for manual resizing. Without
any parameters, the minimum width and height is shown.

gr [on|off]

Turn GR charset switching on/off. Whenever screen sees an input character with the 8th bit set, it will
use the charset stored in the GR slot and print the character with the 8th bit stripped. The default (see
also "defgr") is not to process GR switching because otherwise the ISO88591 charset would not work.

group [grouptitle]

Change or show the group the current window belongs to. Windows can be moved around between different
groups by specifying the name of the destination group. Without specifying a group, the title of the
current group is displayed.

hardcopy [-h] [file]

Writes out the currently displayed image to the file file, or, if no filename is specified, to hardcopy.n
in the default directory, where n is the number of the current window. This either appends or overwrites
the file if it exists. See below. If the option -h is specified, dump also the contents of the
scrollback buffer.

hardcopy_append on|off

If set to "on", screen will append to the "hardcopy.n" files created by the command "C-a h", otherwise
these files are overwritten each time. Default is `off'.

hardcopydir directory

Defines a directory where hardcopy files will be placed. If unset, hardcopys are dumped in screen's
current working directory.

hardstatus [on|off]
hardstatus [always]firstline|lastline|message|ignore [string]
hardstatus string [string]

This command configures the use and emulation of the terminal's hardstatus line. The first form toggles
whether screen will use the hardware status line to display messages. If the flag is set to `off', these
messages are overlaid in reverse video mode at the display line. The default setting is `on'.

The second form tells screen what to do if the terminal doesn't have a hardstatus line (i.e. the
termcap/terminfo capabilities "hs", "ts", "fs" and "ds" are not set). When "firstline/lastline" is used,
screen will reserve the first/last line of the display for the hardstatus. "message" uses screen's
message mechanism and "ignore" tells screen never to display the hardstatus. If you prepend the word
"always" to the type (e.g., "alwayslastline"), screen will use the type even if the terminal supports a
hardstatus.

The third form specifies the contents of the hardstatus line. '%h' is used as default string, i.e., the
stored hardstatus of the current window (settable via "ESC]0;<string>^G" or "ESC_<string>ESC\") is
displayed. You can customize this to any string you like including the escapes from the "STRING ESCAPES"
chapter. If you leave out the argument string, the current string is displayed.

You can mix the second and third form by providing the string as additional argument.

height [-w|-d] [lines [cols]]

Set the display height to a specified number of lines. When no argument is given it toggles between 24
and 42 lines display. You can also specify a width if you want to change both values. The -w option
tells screen to leave the display size unchanged and just set the window size, -d vice versa.

help [-c class]

Not really a online help, but displays a help screen showing you all the key bindings. The first pages
list all the internal commands followed by their current bindings. Subsequent pages will display the
custom commands, one command per key. Press space when you're done reading each page, or return to exit
early. All other characters are ignored. If the "-c" option is given, display all bound commands for the
specified command class. See also "DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS" section.

history

Usually users work with a shell that allows easy access to previous commands. For example csh has the
command "!!" to repeat the last command executed. Screen allows you to have a primitive way of re-
calling "the command that started …": You just type the first letter of that command, then hit `C-a {'
and screen tries to find a previous line that matches with the `prompt character' to the left of the
cursor. This line is pasted into this window's input queue. Thus you have a crude command history (made
up by the visible window and its scrollback buffer).

hstatus status

Change the window's hardstatus line to the string status.

idle [timeout [cmd args]]

Sets a command that is run after the specified number of seconds inactivity is reached. This command will
normally be the "blanker" command to create a screen blanker, but it can be any screen command. If no
command is specified, only the timeout is set. A timeout of zero (or the special timeout off) disables
the timer. If no arguments are given, the current settings are displayed.

ignorecase [on|off]

Tell screen to ignore the case of characters in searches. Default is `off'. Without any options, the
state of ignorecase is toggled.

info

Uses the message line to display some information about the current window: the cursor position in the
form "(column,row)" starting with "(1,1)", the terminal width and height plus the size of the scrollback
buffer in lines, like in "(80,24)+50", the current state of window XON/XOFF flow control is shown like
this (See also section FLOW CONTROL):

+flow automatic flow control, currently on.
-flow automatic flow control, currently off.
+(+)flow flow control enabled. Agrees with automatic control.
-(+)flow flow control disabled. Disagrees with automatic control.
+(-)flow flow control enabled. Disagrees with automatic control.
-(-)flow flow control disabled. Agrees with automatic control.

The current line wrap setting (`+wrap' indicates enabled, `-wrap' not) is also shown. The flags `ins',
`org', `app', `log', `mon' or `nored' are displayed when the window is in insert mode, origin mode,
application-keypad mode, has output logging, activity monitoring or partial redraw enabled.

The currently active character set (G0, G1, G2, or G3) and in square brackets the terminal character sets
that are currently designated as G0 through G3 is shown. If the window is in UTF-8 mode, the string
"UTF-8" is shown instead.

Additional modes depending on the type of the window are displayed at the end of the status line (See
also chapter "WINDOW TYPES").
If the state machine of the terminal emulator is in a non-default state, the info line is started with a
string identifying the current state.
For system information use the "time" command.

ins_reg [key]

No longer exists, use "paste" instead.

kill

Kill current window.
If there is an `exec' command running then it is killed. Otherwise the process (shell) running in the
window receives a HANGUP condition, the window structure is removed and screen (your display) switches to
another window. When the last window is destroyed, screen exits. After a kill screen switches to the
previously displayed window.
Note: Emacs users should keep this command in mind, when killing a line. It is recommended not to use
"C-a" as the screen escape key or to rebind kill to "C-a K".

lastmsg

Redisplay the last contents of the message/status line. Useful if you're typing when a message appears,
because the message goes away when you press a key (unless your terminal has a hardware status line).
Refer to the commands "msgwait" and "msgminwait" for fine tuning.

layout new [title]

Create a new layout. The screen will change to one whole region and be switched to the blank window. From
here, you build the regions and the windows they show as you desire. The new layout will be numbered with
the smallest available integer, starting with zero. You can optionally give a title to your new layout.
Otherwise, it will have a default title of "layout". You can always change the title later by using the
command layout title.

layout remove [n|title]

Remove, or in other words, delete the specified layout. Either the number or the title can be specified.
Without either specification, screen will remove the current layout.

Removing a layout does not affect your set windows or regions.

layout next

Switch to the next layout available

layout prev

Switch to the previous layout available

layout select [n|title]

Select the desired layout. Either the number or the title can be specified. Without either specification,
screen will prompt and ask which screen is desired. To see which layouts are available, use the layout
show command.

layout show

List on the message line the number(s) and title(s) of the available layout(s). The current layout is
flagged.

layout title [title]

Change or display the title of the current layout. A string given will be used to name the layout.
Without any options, the current title and number is displayed on the message line.

layout number [n]

Change or display the number of the current layout. An integer given will be used to number the layout.
Without any options, the current number and title is displayed on the message line.

layout attach [title|:last]

Change or display which layout to reattach back to. The default is :last, which tells screen to reattach
back to the last used layout just before detachment. By supplying a title, You can instruct screen to
reattach to a particular layout regardless which one was used at the time of detachment. Without any
options, the layout to reattach to will be shown in the message line.

layout save [n|title]

Remember the current arrangement of regions. When used, screen will remember the arrangement of
vertically and horizontally split regions. This arrangement is restored when a screen session is
reattached or switched back from a different layout. If the session ends or the screen process dies, the
layout arrangements are lost. The layout dump command should help in this siutation. If a number or title
is supplied, screen will remember the arrangement of that particular layout. Without any options, screen
will remember the current layout.

Saving your regions can be done automatically by using the layout autosave command.

layout autosave [on|off]

Change or display the status of automatcally saving layouts. The default is on, meaning when screen is
detached or changed to a different layout, the arrangement of regions and windows will be remembered at
the time of change and restored upon return. If autosave is set to off, that arrangement will only be
restored to either to the last manual save, using layout save, or to when the layout was first created,
to a single region with a single window. Without either an on or off, the current status is displayed on
the message line.

layout dump [filename]

Write to a file the order of splits made in the current layout. This is useful to recreate the order of
your regions used in your current layout. Only the current layout is recorded. While the order of the
regions are recorded, the sizes of those regions and which windows correspond to which regions are not.
If no filename is specified, the default is layout-dump, saved in the directory that the screen process
was started in. If the file already exists, layout dump will append to that file. As an example:

C-a : layout dump /home/user/.screenrc

will save or append the layout to the user's .screenrc file.

license

Display the disclaimer page. This is done whenever screen is started without options, which should be
often enough. See also the "startup_message" command.

lockscreen

Lock this display. Call a screenlock program (/local/bin/lck or /usr/bin/lock or a builtin if no other
is available). Screen does not accept any command keys until this program terminates. Meanwhile processes
in the windows may continue, as the windows are in the `detached' state. The screenlock program may be
changed through the environment variable $LOCKPRG (which must be set in the shell from which screen is
started) and is executed with the user's uid and gid.
Warning: When you leave other shells unlocked and you have no password set on screen, the lock is void:
One could easily re-attach from an unlocked shell. This feature should rather be called `lockterminal'.

log [on|off]

Start/stop writing output of the current window to a file "screenlog.n" in the window's default
directory, where n is the number of the current window. This filename can be changed with the `logfile'
command. If no parameter is given, the state of logging is toggled. The session log is appended to the
previous contents of the file if it already exists. The current contents and the contents of the
scrollback history are not included in the session log. Default is `off'.

logfile filename
logfile flush secs

Defines the name the log files will get. The default is "screenlog.%n". The second form changes the
number of seconds screen will wait before flushing the logfile buffer to the file-system. The default
value is 10 seconds.

Adds or removes the entry in the utmp database file for the current window. This controls if the window
is `logged in'. When no parameter is given, the login state of the window is toggled. Additionally to
that toggle, it is convenient having a `log in' and a `log out' key. E.g. `bind I login on' and `bind O
login off' will map these keys to be C-a I and C-a O. The default setting (in config.h.in) should be
"on" for a screen that runs under suid-root. Use the "deflogin" command to change the default login
state for new windows. Both commands are only present when screen has been compiled with utmp support.

logtstamp [on|off]
logtstamp after [secs]
logtstamp string [string]

This command controls logfile time-stamp mechanism of screen. If time-stamps are turned "on", screen
adds a string containing the current time to the logfile after two minutes of inactivity. When output
continues and more than another two minutes have passed, a second time-stamp is added to document the
restart of the output. You can change this timeout with the second form of the command. The third form is
used for customizing the time-stamp string (`-- %n:%t -- time-stamp -- %M/%d/%y %c:%s --\n' by default).

mapdefault

Tell screen that the next input character should only be looked up in the default bindkey table. See also
"bindkey".

mapnotnext

Like mapdefault, but don't even look in the default bindkey table.

maptimeout [timeout]

Set the inter-character timer for input sequence detection to a timeout of timeout ms. The default
timeout is 300ms. Maptimeout with no arguments shows the current setting. See also "bindkey".

markkeys string

This is a method of changing the keymap used for copy/history mode. The string is made up of
oldchar=newchar pairs which are separated by `:'. Example: The string "B=^B:F=^F" will change the keys
`C-b' and `C-f' to the vi style binding (scroll up/down fill page). This happens to be the default
binding for `B' and `F'. The command "markkeys h=^B:l=^F:$=^E" would set the mode for an emacs-style
binding. If your terminal sends characters, that cause you to abort copy mode, then this command may
help by binding these characters to do nothing. The no-op character is `@' and is used like this:
"markkeys @=L=H" if you do not want to use the `H' or `L' commands any longer. As shown in this example,
multiple keys can be assigned to one function in a single statement.

maxwin num

Set the maximum window number screen will create. Doesn't affect already existing windows. The number can
be increased only when there are no existing windows.

THE MESSAGE LINE

       Screen  displays  informational  messages  and  other  diagnostics in a message line.  While this line is
       distributed to appear at the bottom of the screen, it can be defined to appear at the top of  the  screen
       during  compilation.  If your terminal has a status line defined in its termcap, screen will use this for
       displaying its messages, otherwise a line of the current  screen  will  be  temporarily  overwritten  and
       output  will  be  momentarily  interrupted. The message line is automatically removed after a few seconds
       delay, but it can also be removed early (on terminals without a status line) by beginning to type.

       The message line facility can be used by an application running in the current window  by  means  of  the
       ANSI Privacy message control sequence.  For instance, from within the shell, try something like:

              echo '<esc>^Hello world from window '$WINDOW'<esc>\\'

       where '<esc>' is an escape, '^' is a literal up-arrow, and '\\' turns into a single backslash.

WINDOW TYPES

Screen provides three different window types. New windows are created with screen's screen command (see
also the entry in chapter "CUSTOMIZATION"). The first parameter to the screen command defines which type
of window is created. The different window types are all special cases of the normal type. They have been
added in order to allow screen to be used efficiently as a console multiplexer with 100 or more windows.

• The normal window contains a shell (default, if no parameter is given) or any other system command
that could be executed from a shell (e.g. slogin, etc…)

• If a tty (character special device) name (e.g. "/dev/ttya") is specified as the first parameter, then
the window is directly connected to this device. This window type is similar to "screen cu -l
/dev/ttya". Read and write access is required on the device node, an exclusive open is attempted on
the node to mark the connection line as busy. An optional parameter is allowed consisting of a comma
separated list of flags in the notation used by stty(1):

<baud_rate>
Usually 300, 1200, 9600 or 19200. This affects transmission as well as receive speed.

cs8 or cs7
Specify the transmission of eight (or seven) bits per byte.

ixon or -ixon
Enables (or disables) software flow-control (CTRL-S/CTRL-Q) for sending data.

ixoff or -ixoff
Enables (or disables) software flow-control for receiving data.

istrip or -istrip
Clear (or keep) the eight bit in each received byte.

You may want to specify as many of these options as applicable. Unspecified options cause the terminal
driver to make up the parameter values of the connection. These values are system dependent and may
be in defaults or values saved from a previous connection.

For tty windows, the info command shows some of the modem control lines in the status line. These may
include `RTS', `CTS', 'DTR', `DSR', `CD' and more. This depends on the available ioctl()'s and system
header files as well as the on the physical capabilities of the serial board. Signals that are
logical low (inactive) have their name preceded by an exclamation mark (!), otherwise the signal is
logical high (active). Signals not supported by the hardware but available to the ioctl() interface
are usually shown low.

When the CLOCAL status bit is true, the whole set of modem signals is placed inside curly braces ({
and }). When the CRTSCTS or TIOCSOFTCAR bit is set, the signals `CTS' or `CD' are shown in
parenthesis, respectively.

For tty windows, the command break causes the Data transmission line (TxD) to go low for a specified
period of time. This is expected to be interpreted as break signal on the other side. No data is sent
and no modem control line is changed when a break is issued.

• If the first parameter is "//telnet", the second parameter is expected to be a host name, and an
optional third parameter may specify a TCP port number (default decimal 23). Screen will connect to a
server listening on the remote host and use the telnet protocol to communicate with that server.
For telnet windows, the command info shows details about the connection in square brackets ([ and ])
at the end of the status line.

b BINARY. The connection is in binary mode.

e ECHO. Local echo is disabled.

c SGA. The connection is in `character mode' (default: `line mode').

t TTYPE. The terminal type has been requested by the remote host. Screen sends the name "screen"
unless instructed otherwise (see also the command `term').

w NAWS. The remote site is notified about window size changes.

f LFLOW. The remote host will send flow control information. (Ignored at the moment.)

Additional flags for debugging are x, t and n (XDISPLOC, TSPEED and NEWENV).

For telnet windows, the command break sends the telnet code IAC BREAK (decimal 243) to the remote
host.

This window type is only available if screen was compiled with the BUILTIN_TELNET option defined.

STRING ESCAPES

Screen provides an escape mechanism to insert information like the current time into messages or file
names. The escape character is '%' with one exception: inside of a window's hardstatus '^%' ('^E') is
used instead.

Here is the full list of supported escapes:

% the escape character itself

a either 'am' or 'pm'

A either 'AM' or 'PM'

c current time HH:MM in 24h format

C current time HH:MM in 12h format

d day number

D weekday name

E sets %? to true if the escape character has been pressed.

f flags of the window, see "windows" for meanings of the various flags

F sets %? to true if the window has the focus

h hardstatus of the window

H hostname of the system

l current load of the system

m month number

M month name

n window number

P sets %? to true if the current region is in copy/paste mode

S session name

s seconds

t window title

u all other users on this window

w all window numbers and names. With '-' qualifier: up to the current window; with '+' qualifier:
starting with the window after the current one.

W all window numbers and names except the current one

x the executed command including arguments running in this windows

X the executed command without arguments running in this windows

y last two digits of the year number

Y full year number

? the part to the next '%?' is displayed only if a '%' escape inside the part expands to a non-empty
string

: else part of '%?'

= pad the string to the display's width (like TeX's hfill). If a number is specified, pad to the
percentage of the window's width. A '0' qualifier tells screen to treat the number as absolute
position. You can specify to pad relative to the last absolute pad position by adding a '+'
qualifier or to pad relative to the right margin by using '-'. The padding truncates the string if
the specified position lies before the current position. Add the 'L' qualifier to change this.

< same as '%=' but just do truncation, do not fill with spaces

> mark the current text position for the next truncation. When screen needs to do truncation, it
tries to do it in a way that the marked position gets moved to the specified percentage of the
output area. (The area starts from the last absolute pad position and ends with the position
specified by the truncation operator.) The 'L' qualifier tells screen to mark the truncated parts
with '…'.

{ attribute/color modifier string terminated by the next "}"

` Substitute with the output of a 'backtick' command. The length qualifier is misused to identify
one of the commands.

The 'c' and 'C' escape may be qualified with a '0' to make screen use zero instead of space as fill
character. The '0' qualifier also makes the '=' escape use absolute positions. The 'n' and '=' escapes
understand a length qualifier (e.g. '%3n'), 'D' and 'M' can be prefixed with 'L' to generate long names,
'w' and 'W' also show the window flags if 'L' is given.

An attribute/color modifier is is used to change the attributes or the color settings. Its format is
"[attribute modifier] [color description]". The attribute modifier must be prefixed by a change type
indicator if it can be confused with a color description. The following change types are known:

+ add the specified set to the current attributes

- remove the set from the current attributes

! invert the set in the current attributes

= change the current attributes to the specified set

The attribute set can either be specified as a hexadecimal number or a combination of the following
letters:

d dim
u underline
b bold
r reverse
s standout
B blinking

Colors are coded either as a hexadecimal number or two letters specifying the desired background and
foreground color (in that order). The following colors are known:

k black
r red
g green
y yellow
b blue
m magenta
c cyan
w white
d default color
. leave color unchanged

The capitalized versions of the letter specify bright colors. You can also use the pseudo-color 'i' to
set just the brightness and leave the color unchanged.
A one digit/letter color description is treated as foreground or background color dependent on the
current attributes: if reverse mode is set, the background color is changed instead of the foreground
color. If you don't like this, prefix the color with a ".". If you want the same behavior for two-letter
color descriptions, also prefix them with a ".".
As a special case, "%{-}" restores the attributes and colors that were set before the last change was
made (i.e., pops one level of the color-change stack).

Examples:

"G" set color to bright green

"+b r" use bold red

"= yd" clear all attributes, write in default color on yellow background.

%-Lw%{= BW}%50>%n%f* %t%{-}%+Lw%<
The available windows centered at the current window and truncated to the available width. The
current window is displayed white on blue. This can be used with "hardstatus alwayslastline".

%?%F%{.R.}%?%3n %t%? [%h]%?
The window number and title and the window's hardstatus, if one is set. Also use a red background
if this is the active focus. Useful for "caption string".

FLOW-CONTROL

Each window has a flow-control setting that determines how screen deals with the XON and XOFF characters
(and perhaps the interrupt character). When flow-control is turned off, screen ignores the XON and XOFF
characters, which allows the user to send them to the current program by simply typing them (useful for
the emacs editor, for instance). The trade-off is that it will take longer for output from a "normal"
program to pause in response to an XOFF. With flow-control turned on, XON and XOFF characters are used
to immediately pause the output of the current window. You can still send these characters to the
current program, but you must use the appropriate two-character screen commands (typically "C-a q" (xon)
and "C-a s" (xoff)). The xon/xoff commands are also useful for typing C-s and C-q past a terminal that
intercepts these characters.

Each window has an initial flow-control value set with either the -f option or the "defflow" .screenrc
command. Per default the windows are set to automatic flow-switching. It can then be toggled between the
three states 'fixed on', 'fixed off' and 'automatic' interactively with the "flow" command bound to "C-a
f".

The automatic flow-switching mode deals with flow control using the TIOCPKT mode (like "rlogin" does). If
the tty driver does not support TIOCPKT, screen tries to find out the right mode based on the current
setting of the application keypad - when it is enabled, flow-control is turned off and visa versa. Of
course, you can still manipulate flow-control manually when needed.

If you're running with flow-control enabled and find that pressing the interrupt key (usually C-c) does
not interrupt the display until another 6-8 lines have scrolled by, try running screen with the
"interrupt" option (add the "interrupt" flag to the "flow" command in your .screenrc, or use the -i
command-line option). This causes the output that screen has accumulated from the interrupted program to
be flushed. One disadvantage is that the virtual terminal's memory contains the non-flushed version of
the output, which in rare cases can cause minor inaccuracies in the output. For example, if you switch
screens and return, or update the screen with "C-a l" you would see the version of the output you would
have gotten without "interrupt" being on. Also, you might need to turn off flow-control (or use auto-
flow mode to turn it off automatically) when running a program that expects you to type the interrupt
character as input, as it is possible to interrupt the output of the virtual terminal to your physical
terminal when flow-control is enabled. If this happens, a simple refresh of the screen with "C-a l" will
restore it. Give each mode a try, and use whichever mode you find more comfortable.

TITLES (naming windows)

You can customize each window's name in the window display (viewed with the "windows" command (C-a w)) by
setting it with one of the title commands. Normally the name displayed is the actual command name of the
program created in the window. However, it is sometimes useful to distinguish various programs of the
same name or to change the name on-the-fly to reflect the current state of the window.

The default name for all shell windows can be set with the "shelltitle" command in the .screenrc file,
while all other windows are created with a "screen" command and thus can have their name set with the -t
option. Interactively, there is the title-string escape-sequence (<esc>kname<esc>\) and the "title"
command (C-a A). The former can be output from an application to control the window's name under
software control, and the latter will prompt for a name when typed. You can also bind pre-defined names
to keys with the "title" command to set things quickly without prompting.

Finally, screen has a shell-specific heuristic that is enabled by setting the window's name to
"search|name" and arranging to have a null title escape-sequence output as a part of your prompt. The
search portion specifies an end-of-prompt search string, while the name portion specifies the default
shell name for the window. If the name ends in a `:' screen will add what it believes to be the current
command running in the window to the end of the window's shell name (e.g. "name:cmd"). Otherwise the
current command name supersedes the shell name while it is running.

Here's how it works: you must modify your shell prompt to output a null title-escape-sequence
(<esc>k<esc>\) as a part of your prompt. The last part of your prompt must be the same as the string you
specified for the search portion of the title. Once this is set up, screen will use the title-escape-
sequence to clear the previous command name and get ready for the next command. Then, when a newline is
received from the shell, a search is made for the end of the prompt. If found, it will grab the first
word after the matched string and use it as the command name. If the command name begins with either
'!', '%', or '^' screen will use the first word on the following line (if found) in preference to the
just-found name. This helps csh users get better command names when using job control or history recall
commands.

Here's some .screenrc examples:

screen -t top 2 nice top

Adding this line to your .screenrc would start a nice-d version of the "top" command in window 2 named
"top" rather than "nice".

shelltitle '> |csh'
screen 1

These commands would start a shell with the given shelltitle. The title specified is an auto-title that
would expect the prompt and the typed command to look something like the following:

/usr/joe/src/dir> trn

(it looks after the '> ' for the command name). The window status would show the name "trn" while the
command was running, and revert to "csh" upon completion.

bind R screen -t '% |root:' su

Having this command in your .screenrc would bind the key sequence "C-a R" to the "su" command and give it
an auto-title name of "root:". For this auto-title to work, the screen could look something like this:

% !em
emacs file.c

Here the user typed the csh history command "!em" which ran the previously entered "emacs" command. The
window status would show "root:emacs" during the execution of the command, and revert to simply "root:"
at its completion.

bind o title
bind E title ""
bind u title (unknown)

The first binding doesn't have any arguments, so it would prompt you for a title. when you type "C-a o".
The second binding would clear an auto-title's current setting (C-a E). The third binding would set the
current window's title to "(unknown)" (C-a u).

One thing to keep in mind when adding a null title-escape-sequence to your prompt is that some shells
(like the csh) count all the non-control characters as part of the prompt's length. If these invisible
characters aren't a multiple of 8 then backspacing over a tab will result in an incorrect display. One
way to get around this is to use a prompt like this:

set prompt='^[[0000m^[k^[\% '

The escape-sequence "<esc>[0000m" not only normalizes the character attributes, but all the zeros round
the length of the invisible characters up to 8. Bash users will probably want to echo the escape
sequence in the PROMPT_COMMAND:

PROMPT_COMMAND='printf "\033k\033\134"'

(I used "134" to output a `\' because of a bug in bash v1.04).

THE VIRTUAL TERMINAL

       Each  window  in  a  screen session emulates a VT100 terminal, with some extra functions added. The VT100
       emulator is hard-coded, no other terminal types can be emulated.
       Usually screen tries to emulate as much of the VT100/ANSI standard as  possible.  But  if  your  terminal
       lacks  certain  capabilities,  the  emulation  may not be complete. In these cases screen has to tell the
       applications that some of the features are missing. This is no problem on machines using termcap, because
       screen can use the $TERMCAP variable to customize the standard screen termcap.

       But if you do a rlogin on another machine or your machine  supports  only  terminfo  this  method  fails.
       Because of this, screen offers a way to deal with these cases.  Here is how it works:

       When  screen  tries  to  figure  out  a  terminal  name  for  itself,  it  first looks for an entry named
       "screen.<term>", where <term> is the contents of your $TERM variable.  If no such  entry  exists,  screen
       tries  "screen" (or "screen-w" if the terminal is wide (132 cols or more)).  If even this entry cannot be
       found, "vt100" is used as a substitute.

       The idea is that if you have a terminal which doesn't support an important feature (e.g. delete  char  or
       clear  to EOS) you can build a new termcap/terminfo entry for screen (named "screen.<dumbterm>") in which
       this capability has been disabled. If this entry is installed on your machines  you  are  able  to  do  a
       rlogin and still keep the correct termcap/terminfo entry.  The terminal name is put in the $TERM variable
       of  all  new  windows.  Screen also sets the $TERMCAP variable reflecting the capabilities of the virtual
       terminal emulated. Notice that, however, on machines using the terminfo database  this  variable  has  no
       effect.  Furthermore, the variable $WINDOW is set to the window number of each window.

       The actual set of capabilities supported by the virtual terminal depends on the capabilities supported by
       the  physical terminal.  If, for instance, the physical terminal does not support underscore mode, screen
       does not put the `us' and `ue' capabilities into the window's $TERMCAP variable, accordingly.  However, a
       minimum number of capabilities must be supported by a terminal in order to run screen; namely  scrolling,
       clear  screen, and direct cursor addressing (in addition, screen does not run on hardcopy terminals or on
       terminals that over-strike).

       Also, you can customize the $TERMCAP value used by screen by using the "termcap" .screenrc command, or by
       defining the variable $SCREENCAP prior to startup.  When the is latter defined, its value will be  copied
       verbatim  into  each  window's  $TERMCAP variable.  This can either be the full terminal definition, or a
       filename where the terminal "screen" (and/or "screen-w") is defined.

       Note that screen honors the "terminfo" .screenrc command if the system uses the terminfo database  rather
       than termcap.

       When  the  boolean  `G0'  capability is present in the termcap entry for the terminal on which screen has
       been called, the terminal  emulation  of  screen  supports  multiple  character  sets.   This  allows  an
       application  to  make  use of, for instance, the VT100 graphics character set or national character sets.
       The following control functions from ISO 2022 are supported: lock shift G0 (SI), lock shift G1 (SO), lock
       shift G2, lock shift G3, single shift G2, and single shift G3.  When a virtual  terminal  is  created  or
       reset,  the  ASCII  character  set  is designated as G0 through G3.  When the `G0' capability is present,
       screen evaluates the capabilities `S0', `E0', and `C0' if present. `S0' is the sequence the terminal uses
       to enable and start the graphics character set rather than SI.  `E0' is the corresponding replacement for
       SO. `C0' gives a character by character translation string that is used during semi-graphics  mode.  This
       string is built like the `acsc' terminfo capability.

       When  the `po' and `pf' capabilities are present in the terminal's termcap entry, applications running in
       a screen window can send output to the printer port of the terminal.  This  allows  a  user  to  have  an
       application  in one window sending output to a printer connected to the terminal, while all other windows
       are still active (the printer port is enabled and disabled again for each chunk of output).  As  a  side-
       effect,  programs  running in different windows can send output to the printer simultaneously.  Data sent
       to the printer is not displayed in the window.  The info command displays a line  starting  `PRIN'  while
       the printer is active.

       Screen  maintains a hardstatus line for every window. If a window gets selected, the display's hardstatus
       will be updated to match the window's hardstatus line. If the display has no hardstatus the line will  be
       displayed  as  a  standard  screen message.  The hardstatus line can be changed with the ANSI Application
       Program  Command  (APC):  "ESC_<string>ESC\".  As  a   convenience   for   xterm   users   the   sequence
       "ESC]0..2;<string>^G" is also accepted.

       Some  capabilities  are  only  put  into  the  $TERMCAP  variable  of the virtual terminal if they can be
       efficiently implemented by the physical terminal.  For instance, `dl' (delete line) is only put into  the
       $TERMCAP variable if the terminal supports either delete line itself or scrolling regions. Note that this
       may  provoke  confusion, when the session is reattached on a different terminal, as the value of $TERMCAP
       cannot be modified by parent processes.

       The "alternate screen" capability is not enabled by default.  Set  the  altscreen  .screenrc  command  to
       enable it.

       The  following  is  a  list  of  control  sequences  recognized  by  screen.   "(V)"  and  "(A)" indicate
       VT100-specific and ANSI- or ISO-specific functions, respectively.

       ESC E                      Next Line

       ESC D                      Index

       ESC M                      Reverse Index

       ESC H                      Horizontal Tab Set

       ESC Z                      Send VT100 Identification String

       ESC 7                 (V)  Save Cursor and Attributes

       ESC 8                 (V)  Restore Cursor and Attributes

       ESC [s                (A)  Save Cursor and Attributes

       ESC [u                (A)  Restore Cursor and Attributes

       ESC c                      Reset to Initial State

       ESC g                      Visual Bell

       ESC Pn p                   Cursor Visibility (97801)

           Pn = 6                 Invisible

                7                 Visible

       ESC =                 (V)  Application Keypad Mode

       ESC >                 (V)  Numeric Keypad Mode

       ESC # 8               (V)  Fill Screen with E's

       ESC \                 (A)  String Terminator

       ESC ^                 (A)  Privacy Message String (Message Line)

       ESC !                      Global Message String (Message Line)

       ESC k                      A.k.a. Definition String

       ESC P                 (A)  Device Control String.  Outputs a string directly to the host terminal without
                                  interpretation.

       ESC _                 (A)  Application Program Command (Hardstatus)

       ESC ] 0 ; string ^G   (A)  Operating System Command (Hardstatus, xterm title hack)

       ESC ] 83 ; cmd ^G     (A)  Execute screen command. This only works if multi-user support is compiled into
                                  screen. The pseudo-user ":window:" is used to check the access  control  list.
                                  Use  "addacl  :window: -rwx #?" to create a user with no rights and allow only
                                  the needed commands.

       Control-N             (A)  Lock Shift G1 (SO)

       Control-O             (A)  Lock Shift G0 (SI)

       ESC n                 (A)  Lock Shift G2

       ESC o                 (A)  Lock Shift G3

       ESC N                 (A)  Single Shift G2

       ESC O                 (A)  Single Shift G3

       ESC ( Pcs             (A)  Designate character set as G0

       ESC ) Pcs             (A)  Designate character set as G1

       ESC * Pcs             (A)  Designate character set as G2

       ESC + Pcs             (A)  Designate character set as G3

       ESC [ Pn ; Pn H            Direct Cursor Addressing

       ESC [ Pn ; Pn f            same as above

       ESC [ Pn J                 Erase in Display

             Pn = None or 0       From Cursor to End of Screen

                  1               From Beginning of Screen to Cursor

                  2               Entire Screen

       ESC [ Pn K                 Erase in Line

             Pn = None or 0       From Cursor to End of Line

                  1               From Beginning of Line to Cursor

                  2               Entire Line

       ESC [ Pn X                 Erase character

       ESC [ Pn A                 Cursor Up

       ESC [ Pn B                 Cursor Down

       ESC [ Pn C                 Cursor Right

       ESC [ Pn D                 Cursor Left

       ESC [ Pn E                 Cursor next line

       ESC [ Pn F                 Cursor previous line

       ESC [ Pn G                 Cursor horizontal position

       ESC [ Pn `                 same as above

       ESC [ Pn d                 Cursor vertical position

       ESC [ Ps ;…; Ps m          Select Graphic Rendition

             Ps = None or 0       Default Rendition

                  1               Bold

                  2          (A)  Faint

                  3          (A)  Standout Mode (ANSI: Italicized)

                  4               Underlined

                  5               Blinking

                  7               Negative Image

                  22         (A)  Normal Intensity

                  23         (A)  Standout Mode off (ANSI: Italicized off)

                  24         (A)  Not Underlined

                  25         (A)  Not Blinking

                  27         (A)  Positive Image

                  30         (A)  Foreground Black

                  31         (A)  Foreground Red

                  32         (A)  Foreground Green

                  33         (A)  Foreground Yellow

                  34         (A)  Foreground Blue

                  35         (A)  Foreground Magenta

                  36         (A)  Foreground Cyan

                  37         (A)  Foreground White

                  39         (A)  Foreground Default

                  40         (A)  Background Black

                  …               …

                  49         (A)  Background Default

       ESC [ Pn g                 Tab Clear

             Pn = None or 0       Clear Tab at Current Position

                  3               Clear All Tabs

       ESC [ Pn ; Pn r       (V)  Set Scrolling Region

       ESC [ Pn I            (A)  Horizontal Tab

       ESC [ Pn Z            (A)  Backward Tab

       ESC [ Pn L            (A)  Insert Line

       ESC [ Pn M            (A)  Delete Line

       ESC [ Pn @            (A)  Insert Character

       ESC [ Pn P            (A)  Delete Character

       ESC [ Pn S                 Scroll Scrolling Region Up

       ESC [ Pn T                 Scroll Scrolling Region Down

       ESC [ Pn ^                 same as above

       ESC [ Ps ;…; Ps h          Set Mode

       ESC [ Ps ;…; Ps l          Reset Mode

             Ps = 4          (A)  Insert Mode

                  20         (A)  Automatic Linefeed Mode

                  34              Normal Cursor Visibility

                  ?1         (V)  Application Cursor Keys

                  ?3         (V)  Change Terminal Width to 132 columns

                  ?5         (V)  Reverse Video

                  ?6         (V)  Origin Mode

                  ?7         (V)  Wrap Mode

                  ?9              X10 mouse tracking

                  ?25        (V)  Visible Cursor

                  ?47             Alternate Screen (old xterm code)

                  ?1000      (V)  VT200 mouse tracking

                  ?1047           Alternate Screen (new xterm code)

                  ?1049           Alternate Screen (new xterm code)

       ESC [ 5 i             (A)  Start relay to printer (ANSI Media Copy)

       ESC [ 4 i             (A)  Stop relay to printer (ANSI Media Copy)

       ESC [ 8 ; Ph ; Pw t        Resize the window to `Ph' lines and `Pw' columns (SunView special)

       ESC [ c                    Send VT100 Identification String

       ESC [ x                    Send Terminal Parameter Report

       ESC [ > c                  Send VT220 Secondary Device Attributes String

       ESC [ 6 n                  Send Cursor Position Report

INPUT TRANSLATION

       In order to do a full VT100 emulation screen has to detect that a sequence of  characters  in  the  input
       stream  was  generated  by  a keypress on the user's keyboard and insert the VT100 style escape sequence.
       Screen has a very flexible way of doing this by making it possible to map arbitrary commands on arbitrary
       sequences of characters. For standard VT100 emulation the command will always  insert  a  string  in  the
       input  buffer  of  the  window  (see  also  command  stuff  in the command table).  Because the sequences
       generated by a keypress can change after a reattach from a different terminal type,  it  is  possible  to
       bind  commands  to  the  termcap  name  of  the  keys.  Screen will insert the correct binding after each
       reattach. See the bindkey command for further details on the syntax and examples.

       Here is the table of the default key bindings. (A) means that the command is executed if the keyboard  is
       switched into application mode.

       Key name          Termcap name    Command
       ______________________________________________________
       Cursor up             ku          stuff \033[A
                                         stuff \033OA    (A)
       Cursor down           kd          stuff \033[B
                                         stuff \033OB    (A)
       Cursor right          kr          stuff \033[C
                                         stuff \033OC    (A)
       Cursor left           kl          stuff \033[D
                                         stuff \033OD    (A)
       Function key 0        k0          stuff \033[10~
       Function key 1        k1          stuff \033OP
       Function key 2        k2          stuff \033OQ
       Function key 3        k3          stuff \033OR
       Function key 4        k4          stuff \033OS
       Function key 5        k5          stuff \033[15~
       Function key 6        k6          stuff \033[17~
       Function key 7        k7          stuff \033[18~
       Function key 8        k8          stuff \033[19~
       Function key 9        k9          stuff \033[20~
       Function key 10       k;          stuff \033[21~
       Function key 11       F1          stuff \033[23~
       Function key 12       F2          stuff \033[24~
       Home                  kh          stuff \033[1~
       End                   kH          stuff \033[4~
       Insert                kI          stuff \033[2~
       Delete                kD          stuff \033[3~
       Page up               kP          stuff \033[5~
       Page down             kN          stuff \033[6~
       Keypad 0              f0          stuff 0
                                         stuff \033Op    (A)
       Keypad 1              f1          stuff 1
                                         stuff \033Oq    (A)
       Keypad 2              f2          stuff 2
                                         stuff \033Or    (A)
       Keypad 3              f3          stuff 3
                                         stuff \033Os    (A)
       Keypad 4              f4          stuff 4
                                         stuff \033Ot    (A)
       Keypad 5              f5          stuff 5
                                         stuff \033Ou    (A)
       Keypad 6              f6          stuff 6
                                         stuff \033Ov    (A)
       Keypad 7              f7          stuff 7
                                         stuff \033Ow    (A)
       Keypad 8              f8          stuff 8
                                         stuff \033Ox    (A)
       Keypad 9              f9          stuff 9
                                         stuff \033Oy    (A)
       Keypad +              f+          stuff +
                                         stuff \033Ok    (A)
       Keypad -              f-          stuff -
                                         stuff \033Om    (A)
       Keypad *              f*          stuff *
                                         stuff \033Oj    (A)
       Keypad /              f/          stuff /
                                         stuff \033Oo    (A)
       Keypad =              fq          stuff =
                                         stuff \033OX    (A)
       Keypad .              f.          stuff .
                                         stuff \033On    (A)
       Keypad ,              f,          stuff ,
                                         stuff \033Ol    (A)
       Keypad enter          fe          stuff \015
                                         stuff \033OM    (A)

SPECIAL TERMINAL CAPABILITIES

       The  following table describes all terminal capabilities that are recognized by screen and are not in the
       termcap(5) manual.  You can place these capabilities in your termcap entries (in `/etc/termcap')  or  use
       them  with  the  commands `termcap', `terminfo' and `termcapinfo' in your screenrc files. It is often not
       possible to place these capabilities in the terminfo database.

       LP   (bool)  Terminal has VT100 style margins (`magic margins'). Note that this  capability  is  obsolete
                    because screen uses the standard 'xn' instead.

       Z0   (str)   Change width to 132 columns.

       Z1   (str)   Change width to 80 columns.

       WS   (str)   Resize  display.  This capability has the desired width and height as arguments. SunView(tm)
                    example: '\E[8;%d;%dt'.

       NF   (bool)  Terminal doesn't need flow control. Send ^S and ^Q direct to the application. Same as  'flow
                    off'. The opposite of this capability is 'nx'.

       G0   (bool)  Terminal can deal with ISO 2022 font selection sequences.

       S0   (str)   Switch charset 'G0' to the specified charset. Default is '\E(%.'.

       E0   (str)   Switch charset 'G0' back to standard charset. Default is '\E(B'.

       C0   (str)   Use the string as a conversion table for font '0'. See the 'ac' capability for more details.

       CS   (str)   Switch cursor-keys to application mode.

       CE   (str)   Switch cursor-keys back to normal mode.

       AN   (bool)  Turn on autonuke. See the 'autonuke' command for more details.

       OL   (num)   Set the output buffer limit. See the 'obuflimit' command for more details.

       KJ   (str)   Set the encoding of the terminal. See the 'encoding' command for valid encodings.

       AF   (str)   Change character foreground color in an ANSI conform way. This capability will almost always
                    be set to '\E[3%dm' ('\E[3%p1%dm' on terminfo machines).

       AB   (str)   Same as 'AF', but change background color.

       AX   (bool)  Does understand ANSI set default fg/bg color (\E[39m / \E[49m).

       XC   (str)   Describe  a translation of characters to strings depending on the current font. More details
                    follow in the next section.

       XT   (bool)  Terminal understands special xterm sequences (OSC, mouse tracking).

       C8   (bool)  Terminal needs bold to display high-intensity colors (e.g. Eterm).

       TF   (bool)  Add missing capabilities to the termcap/info entry. (Set by default).

CHARACTER TRANSLATION

       Screen has a powerful mechanism to translate characters to arbitrary strings  depending  on  the  current
       font  and  terminal type.  Use this feature if you want to work with a common standard character set (say
       ISO8851-latin1) even on terminals that scatter the more unusual characters over several national language
       font pages.

       Syntax:
           XC=<charset-mapping>{,,<charset-mapping>}
           <charset-mapping> := <designator><template>{,<mapping>}
           <mapping> := <char-to-be-mapped><template-arg>

       The things in braces may be repeated any number of times.

       A <charset-mapping> tells screen how to map characters in font <designator> ('B': Ascii,  'A':  UK,  'K':
       German,  etc.)   to  strings.  Every  <mapping>  describes  to  what  string  a  single character will be
       translated. A template mechanism is used, as most of the time the codes have a lot in common (for example
       strings to switch to and from another charset). Each occurrence of '%'  in  <template>  gets  substituted
       with  the  <template-arg>  specified together with the character. If your strings are not similar at all,
       then use '%' as a template and place the full string in <template-arg>. A quoting mechanism was added  to
       make it possible to use a real '%'. The '\' character quotes the special characters '\', '%', and ','.

       Here is an example:

           termcap hp700 'XC=B\E(K%\E(B,\304[,\326\\\\,\334]'

       This  tells  screen  how  to  translate  ISOlatin1  (charset 'B') upper case umlaut characters on a hp700
       terminal that has a German charset. '\304' gets translated to '\E(K[\E(B' and so on.  Note that this line
       gets parsed *three* times before the internal lookup table is built, therefore a lot of quoting is needed
       to create a single '\'.

       Another extension was added to allow more emulation: If a mapping translates the unquoted  '%'  char,  it
       will  be sent to the terminal whenever screen switches to the corresponding <designator>. In this special
       case the template is assumed to be just '%'  because  the  charset  switch  sequence  and  the  character
       mappings normally haven't much in common.

       This example shows one use of the extension:

           termcap xterm 'XC=K%,%\E(B,[\304,\\\\\326,]\334'

       Here,  a  part  of  the German ('K') charset is emulated on an xterm.  If screen has to change to the 'K'
       charset, '\E(B' will be sent to the terminal, i.e. the ASCII charset is used  instead.  The  template  is
       just '%', so the mapping is straightforward: '[' to '\304', '\' to '\326', and ']' to '\334'.

ENVIRONMENT

       COLUMNS        Number of columns on the terminal (overrides termcap entry).
       HOME           Directory in which to look for .screenrc.
       LINES          Number of lines on the terminal (overrides termcap entry).
       LOCKPRG        Screen lock program.
       NETHACKOPTIONS Turns on nethack option.
       PATH           Used for locating programs to run.
       SCREENCAP      For customizing a terminal's TERMCAP value.
       SCREENDIR      Alternate socket directory.
       SCREENRC       Alternate user screenrc file.
       SHELL          Default shell program for opening windows (default "/bin/sh").  See also "shell" .screenrc
                      command.
       STY            Alternate socket name.
       SYSSCREENRC    Alternate system screenrc file.
       TERM           Terminal name.
       TERMCAP        Terminal description.
       WINDOW         Window number of a window (at creation time).

FILES

       …/screen-4.?.??/etc/screenrc
       …/screen-4.?.??/etc/etcscreenrc   Examples  in  the  screen  distribution  package for private and global
                                         initialization files.
       $SYSSCREENRC
       /etc/screenrc                     screen initialization commands
       $SCREENRC
       $HOME/.screenrc                   Read in after /etc/screenrc
       $SCREENDIR/S-<login>
       /var/run/screen/S-<login>         Socket directories (default)
       /usr/tmp/screens/S-<login>        Alternate socket directories.
       <socket directory>/.termcap       Written by the "termcap" output function
       /usr/tmp/screens/screen-exchange  or
       /tmp/screen-exchange              screen `interprocess communication buffer'
       hardcopy.[0-9]                    Screen images created by the hardcopy function
       screenlog.[0-9]                   Output log files created by the log function
       /usr/lib/terminfo/?/*             or
       /etc/termcap                      Terminal capability databases
       /var/run/utmp                     Login records
       $LOCKPRG                          Program that locks a terminal.

AUTHORS

       Originally created by Oliver Laumann. For a long  time  maintained  and  developed  by  Juergen  Weigert,
       Michael  Schroeder,  Micah Cowan and Sadrul Habib Chowdhury. This latest version was produced by Amadeusz
       Sławiński <amade@asmblr.net> and Alexander Naumov <alexander_naumov@opensuse.org>.

COPYLEFT

       Copyright (c) 2010-2015
            Juergen Weigert (jnweiger@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de)
            Sadrul Habib Chowdhury (sadrul@users.sourceforge.net)
       Copyright (c) 2008, 2009
            Juergen Weigert (jnweiger@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de)
            Michael Schroeder (mlschroe@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de)
            Micah Cowan (micah@cowan.name)
            Sadrul Habib Chowdhury (sadrul@users.sourceforge.net)
       Copyright (C) 1993-2003
            Juergen Weigert (jnweiger@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de)
            Michael Schroeder (mlschroe@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de)
       Copyright (C) 1987 Oliver Laumann
       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  it  under  the  terms  of  the  GNU
       General  Public  License  as  published  by  the  Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your
       option) any later version.
       This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY  WARRANTY;  without  even
       the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public
       License for more details.
       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program (see  the  file
       COPYING);  if  not,  write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
       02111-1307, USA

CONTRIBUTORS

       Ken Beal (kbeal@amber.ssd.csd.harris.com),
       Rudolf Koenig (rfkoenig@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de),
       Toerless Eckert (eckert@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de),
       Wayne Davison (davison@borland.com),
       Patrick Wolfe (pat@kai.com, kailand!pat),
       Bart Schaefer (schaefer@cse.ogi.edu),
       Nathan Glasser (nathan@brokaw.lcs.mit.edu),
       Larry W. Virden (lvirden@cas.org),
       Howard Chu (hyc@hanauma.jpl.nasa.gov),
       Tim MacKenzie (tym@dibbler.cs.monash.edu.au),
       Markku Jarvinen (mta@{cc,cs,ee}.tut.fi),
       Marc Boucher (marc@CAM.ORG),
       Doug Siebert (dsiebert@isca.uiowa.edu),
       Ken Stillson (stillson@tsfsrv.mitre.org),
       Ian Frechett (frechett@spot.Colorado.EDU),
       Brian Koehmstedt (bpk@gnu.ai.mit.edu),
       Don Smith (djs6015@ultb.isc.rit.edu),
       Frank van der Linden (vdlinden@fwi.uva.nl),
       Martin Schweikert (schweik@cpp.ob.open.de),
       David Vrona (dave@sashimi.lcu.com),
       E. Tye McQueen (tye%spillman.UUCP@uunet.uu.net),
       Matthew Green (mrg@eterna.com.au),
       Christopher Williams (cgw@pobox.com),
       Matt Mosley (mattm@access.digex.net),
       Gregory Neil Shapiro (gshapiro@wpi.WPI.EDU),
       Johannes Zellner (johannes@zellner.org),
       Pablo Averbuj (pablo@averbuj.com).

VERSION

       This is version 4.3.1. Its roots are a merge of a custom version 2.3PR7  by  Wayne  Davison  and  several
       enhancements to Oliver Laumann's version 2.0. Note that all versions numbered 2.x are copyright by Oliver
       Laumann.

AVAILABILITY

       The  latest  official  release  of screen available via anonymous ftp from ftp.gnu.org/gnu/screen/ or any
       other GNU distribution site. The home site of screen is savannah.gnu.org/projects/screen/. If you want to
       help, send a note to screen-devel@gnu.org.

BUGS

• `dm' (delete mode) and `xs' are not handled correctly (they are ignored). `xn' is treated as a magic-
margin indicator.

• Screen has no clue about double-high or double-wide characters. But this is the only area where
vttest is allowed to fail.

• It is not possible to change the environment variable $TERMCAP when reattaching under a different
terminal type.

• The support of terminfo based systems is very limited. Adding extra capabilities to $TERMCAP may not
have any effects.

• Screen does not make use of hardware tabs.

• Screen must be installed as set-uid with owner root on most systems in order to be able to correctly
change the owner of the tty device file for each window. Special permission may also be required to
write the file "/var/run/utmp".

• Entries in "/var/run/utmp" are not removed when screen is killed with SIGKILL. This will cause some
programs (like "w" or "rwho") to advertise that a user is logged on who really isn't.

• Screen may give a strange warning when your tty has no utmp entry.

• When the modem line was hung up, screen may not automatically detach (or quit) unless the device
driver is configured to send a HANGUP signal. To detach a screen session use the -D or -d command
line option.

• If a password is set, the command line options -d and -D still detach a session without asking.

• Both "breaktype" and "defbreaktype" change the break generating method used by all terminal devices.
The first should change a window specific setting, where the latter should change only the default for
new windows.

• When attaching to a multiuser session, the user's .screenrc file is not sourced. Each user's personal
settings have to be included in the .screenrc file from which the session is booted, or have to be
changed manually.

• A weird imagination is most useful to gain full advantage of all the features.

• Send bug-reports, fixes, enhancements, t-shirts, money, beer & pizza to screen-devel@gnu.org.

4th Berkeley Distribution May 2015 SCREEN(1)

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

GETTING STARTED

COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS

DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS

CUSTOMIZATION

THE MESSAGE LINE

WINDOW TYPES

STRING ESCAPES

FLOW-CONTROL

TITLES (naming windows)

THE VIRTUAL TERMINAL

INPUT TRANSLATION

SPECIAL TERMINAL CAPABILITIES

CHARACTER TRANSLATION

ENVIRONMENT

FILES

SEE ALSO

AUTHORS

COPYLEFT

CONTRIBUTORS

VERSION

AVAILABILITY

BUGS