Provided by: xpra_0.15.8+dfsg-1_amd64 
NAME
xpra - viewer for remote, persistent X applications
SYNOPSIS
xpra start [:DISPLAY] | xpra start ssh:HOST:DISPLAY [--start-child=CHILD] ... [--env=KEY=VALUE]
[--exit-with-children] [--daemon=yes|no] [--use-display] [--xvfb=CMD] [--video-encoders=ENCODERS]
[--csc-modules=MODULES] [--pulseaudio=yes|no] [--pulseaudio-command=SERVER START COMMAND]
[--clipboard=yes|no] [--cursors=yes|no] [--notifications=yes|no] [--xsettings=yes|no]
[--system-tray=yes|no] [--bell=yes|no] [--remote-logging=yes|no] [--sound-source=PLUGIN]
[--speaker=yes|no] [--speaker-codec=CODEC] [--microphone=yes|no] [--microphone-codec=CODEC]
[--sharing=yes|no] [--bind-tcp=[HOST]:PORT] [--encryption=CIPHER] [--encryption-keyfile=FILENAME]
[--auth=MODULE] [--tcp-auth=MODULE] [--password-file=FILENAME] [--idle-timeout=IDLETIMEOUT]
[--clipboard-filter-file=FILENAME] [--dpi=VALUE] [--input-method=METHOD] [--socket-dir=DIR]
[--socket-permissions=ACCESS-MODE] [--mmap-group] [--tcp-proxy=HOST:PORT]
[--html=on|off|[HOST]:PORT]
xpra attach [:DISPLAY | ssh:[USER@]HOST:DISPLAY | tcp:[USER@]HOST:PORT[:DISPLAY]] [-zLEVEL |
--compress=LEVEL] [--mmap=yes|no] [--windows=yes|no] [--clipboard=yes|no] [--cursors=yes|no]
[--notifications=yes|no] [--xsettings=yes|no] [--system-tray=yes|no] [--bell=yes|no]
[--remote-logging=yes|no] [--keyboard-sync=yes|no] [--tray=yes|no] [--sound-source=PLUGIN]
[--speaker=on|off|disabled] [--speaker-codec=CODEC] [--microphone=on|off|disabled]
[--microphone-codec=CODEC] [--delay-tray] [--encoding=ENCODING] [--scaling=on|offSCALING]
[--opengl=yes|no|auto] [--quality=QUALITY] [--min-quality=MIN-QUALITY] [--speed=SPEED] [--min-
speed=MIN-SPEED] [--auto-refresh-delay=DELAY] [--key-shortcut=KEY:ACTION] [--readonly=yes|no]
[--sharing=yes|no] [--title=VALUE] [--client-toolkit=TOOLKIT] [--border=BORDER]
[--window-layout=LAYOUT] [--window-icon=FILENAME] [--tray-icon=FILENAME] [--ssh=CMD]
[--exit-ssh=yes|no] [--remote-xpra=CMD] [--password-file=FILENAME] [--dpi=VALUE]
[--mouse-polling=VALUE] [--socket-dir=DIR] [--pings=yes|no] [--encryption=CIPHER]
[--encryption-keyfile=FILENAME]
xpra shadow [:DISPLAY] | ssh:[USER@]HOST[:DISPLAY] [--start=CMD] ... [--start-child=CHILD] ...
[--env=KEY=VALUE] ... [--exit-with-children] [--daemon=yes|no] [--clipboard=yes|no]
[--notifications=yes|no] [--bell=yes|no] [--sound-source=PLUGIN] [--speaker=on|off|disabled]
[--speaker-codec=CODEC] [--microphone=on|off|disabled] [--microphone-codec=CODEC]
[--bind-tcp=[HOST]:PORT] [--auth=MODULE] [--tcp-auth=MODULE] [--password-file=FILENAME]
[--idle-timeout=IDLETIMEOUT] [--socket-dir=DIR] [--socket-permissions=ACCESS-MODE] [--mmap-group]
[--tcp-proxy=HOST:PORT] [--html=on|off|[HOST]:PORT]
xpra proxy :DISPLAY
xpra stop [:DISPLAY | ssh:[USER@]HOST:DISPLAY | tcp:[USER@]HOST:PORT] [--ssh=CMD] [--remote-xpra=CMD]
[--socket-dir=DIR]
xpra exit [:DISPLAY | ssh:[USER@]HOST:DISPLAY | tcp:[USER@]HOST:PORT] [--ssh=CMD] [--remote-xpra=CMD]
[--socket-dir=DIR]
xpra detach [:DISPLAY | ssh:[USER@]HOST:DISPLAY | tcp:HOST:PORT] [--ssh=CMD] [--remote-xpra=CMD]
[--socket-dir=DIR]
xpra screenshot filename [:DISPLAY | ssh:[USER@]HOST:DISPLAY | tcp:HOST:PORT] [--ssh=CMD]
[--remote-xpra=CMD] [--socket-dir=DIR]
xpra version [:DISPLAY | ssh:[USER@]HOST:DISPLAY | tcp:HOST:PORT] [--ssh=CMD] [--remote-xpra=CMD]
[--socket-dir=DIR]
xpra info [:DISPLAY | ssh:[USER@]HOST:DISPLAY | tcp:HOST:PORT] [--ssh=CMD] [--remote-xpra=CMD]
[--socket-dir=DIR]
xpra control (:DISPLAY | ssh:[USER@]HOST:DISPLAY | tcp:HOST:PORT) command [arguments..] [--ssh=CMD]
[--remote-xpra=CMD] [--socket-dir=DIR]
xpra initenv [--socket-dir=DIR]
xpra list [--socket-dir=DIR]
xpra upgrade :[DISPLAY] [...any options accepted by xpra start...]
DESCRIPTION
Xpra is a tool which allows you to run X programs — usually on a remote host — and then direct their
display to your local machine, disconnect from these programs, and reconnect from the same or another
machine, all without losing any state. It differs from standard X forwarding in that it allows
disconnection and reconnection without disrupting the forwarded application; it differs from VNC and
similar remote display technologies in that xpra is rootless: i.e., applications forwarded by xpra appear
on your desktop as normal windows managed by your window manager, rather than being all "trapped in a box
together". Xpra also uses a custom protocol that is self-tuning and relatively latency-insensitive, and
thus is usable over network connections that are too slow or unreliable for standard X forwarding. Xpra
can also be used to shadow an existing X11 display.
By default the Xpra server announces available sessions (username and display number) via mDNS to the
local network. Use mdns=no to disable it.
CONNECTION STRINGS
Xpra supports 3 types of connection strings:
:DISPLAY
Local displays: this is the simplest form and is only valid for the current local displays of the current
user.
tcp:[USERNAME@]HOST:PORT[:DISPLAY]
TCP mode uses port numbers and not display numbers. If multiple displays are available through a single
TCP port (using a proxy server), then one can also specify the display number.
ssh/[USERNAME[:PASSWORD]@]HOST[:SSH_PORT]/DISPLAY
SSH mode allows most common connection options to be specified using the connection string. Further
options can be specified using the --ssh command line option.
For backwards compatibility, SSH mode also supports the syntax: ssh:[USERNAME[:PASSWORD]@HOST:DISPLAY but
this form does not support specifying the SSH port number.
The password is only actually used on Microsoft Windows.
EXAMPLES
xpra start :7
Start an xpra server using display number :7.
xpra start ssh:bigbox:7 --start=xterm
Start an xpra server on bigbox with an xterm in it, and connect to it.
DISPLAY=:7 firefox
Start firefox running inside the xpra server. Run this on the host where xpra was started or in
terminal forwarded by xpra. No window will appear until you attach with xpra attach.
xpra list
Show a list of xpra servers you have running on the current host.
xpra attach :7
Attach to the xpra server that is using local display number :7. Any apps running on that server
will appear on your screen.
xpra attach ssh:foo@frodo:7
Use ssh to attach to the xpra server that is running on machine frodo as user foo and using display
:7. Any apps running on that server will appear on your local screen.
xpra start :7 && DISPLAY=:7 screen
Start an xpra server and a screen(1) session. If any of the applications inside screen attempt to
use X, they will be directed to the xpra server.
DISPLAYS
Understanding the basic idea of displays is critical to using xpra successfully.
The idea comes from standard X. If you have multiple X servers running on the same host, then there has
to be some way to distinguish them. X does this by assigning each server a small, unique integer called
(perhaps confusingly) its "display". In the common case of a desktop machine that has only one X server
running, that server uses display ":0" (or sometimes you'll see ":0.0", which is effectively the same).
When an application starts under X, it needs to know how to find the right X server to use; it does this
by checking the environment variable $DISPLAY.
Xpra faces a similar problem — there may be multiple xpra servers running on the same host, as well as
multiple X servers. It solves this problem by re-using X's solution — each xpra server has a display
associated with it. This display functions as both an X display (for when xpra is talking to X
applications) and as an identifier by which xpra clients (like xpra attach) can locate the xpra server.
If your xvfb command supports the -displayfd argument, you may set the displayfd option to true in your
/etc/xpra/xpra.conf file (or your user's ~/.xpra/xpra.conf) and then you may omit the display number when
using xpra start: a display will be chosen for you automatically. The display number chosen will be
shown in the log output, you should also be able to see it with xpra list.
Otherwise, when starting an xpra server, you must specify the name of the display to use. To do this,
simply pick any number you like and stick a colon in front of it. For instance :7, :12, and :3117 are
all valid display names. Just keep in mind that:
• Every X or xpra server that is running on a single machine must use a different display name. If
you pick a number that is already in use then xpra will not work.
• The first few numbers (0, 1, 2) are commonly used by real X servers.
• Everyone who connects to a given machine using ssh(1) with X forwarding enabled will also use a
display number; ssh generally picks numbers near ten (10, 11, 12, ...).
When specifying an xpra server to a client program like xpra attach, xpra detach, xpra stop, xpra exit,
xpra version, xpra info, xpra list or xpra screenshot then you can use a display of the form :DISPLAY to
refer to a server on the local host, or one of the form ssh:[USER@]HOST:DISPLAY to refer to a server on a
remote host; xpra will automatically connect to the remote host using ssh(1). Generally, if you have
only one xpra session running on a machine (which you can verify by running xpra list on that machine),
then you can omit the number entirely; xpra attach alone will attach to the lone xpra server on the
current machine regardless of its number, xpra attach ssh:frodo will similarly attach to the lone xpra
session on a remote machine.
If the xpra server was given the --bind-tcp option when started then you can also connect to it using a
display of the form tcp:HOST:PORT. (Notice that ssh: takes an optional display number, while tcp: takes
a required port number.)
SUBCOMMANDS
xpra start
This command starts a new xpra server, including any necessary setup. (When starting a remote server
with the ssh:HOST:DISPLAY syntax, the new session will also be attached.)
xpra attach
This command attaches to a running xpra server, and forwards any applications using that server to appear
on your current screen.
xpra detach
Detaches the given xpra display.
xpra screenshot
Takes a screenshot and saves it to the filename specified. Note: screenshots can only be taken when a
client is attached.
xpra version
Queries the server version and prints it out. Note: older servers may not support this feature.
xpra info
Queries the server for version, status and statistics. Note: older servers may not support this feature.
xpra control
Modify the server at runtime by issuing commands. The list of commands can be obtained by specifying
"help" as command. Some of those commands may support a "help" mode themselves.
xpra initenv
This internal command creates the run-xpra script used with ssh connections.
xpra stop
This command attaches to a running xpra server, and requests that it terminates immediately. This
generally causes any applications using that server to terminate as well.
xpra exit
This command attaches to a running xpra server, and requests that it terminates immediately. Unlike xpra
stop, the Xvfb process and its X11 clients (if any) will be left running.
xpra list
This command finds all xpra servers that have been started by the current user on the current machine,
and lists them.
xpra upgrade
This command starts a new xpra server, but instead of creating it from scratch, it attaches to another
existing server, tells it to exit, and takes over managing the applications that it was managing before.
As the name suggests, the main use case is to replace a server running against an older version of xpra
with a newer version, without having to restart your session. Any currently-running xpra attach command
will exit and need to be restarted.
xpra shadow
This command shadows an existing X11 display. If there is only one X11 display active and its number is
below 10, it can be auto-detected.
Note that this mode of operation uses screenscraping which is far less efficient. Using a video encoder
(h264 or vp8) is highly recommended for this mode of operation.
xpra proxy
This command allows a single server to proxy connections for multiple others, potentially serving as a
load balancing or authentication entry point for many sessions. The proxy server will spawn a new
process for each proxy connection, this proxy process will create an unauthenticated new unix domain
socket which can be used with the subcommands info, version and stop.
Important Note
Some platforms and package managers may choose to only build the client and not the server. In this case,
only the attach subcommand will be available.
OPTIONS
General options
--version
Displays xpra's version number.
-h, --help
Displays a summary of command line usage.
-d FILTER1,FILTER2,..., --debug=FILTER1,FILTER2,...
Enable debug logging. The special value all enables all debugging.
--mmap=yes|no
Enable or disable memory mapped pixel data transfer. By default it is normally enabled
automatically if the server and the client reside on the same filesystem namespace. This method
of data transfer offers much lower overheads and reduces both CPU consumption and local network
traffic.
--windows=yes|no
Enable or disable the forwarding of windows. This is usually the primary use for xpra and should
be enabled.
--clipboard=yes|no
Enable or disable clipboard synchronization. If used on the server, no clients will be able to
use clipboard synchronization at all. If used on the client, only this particular connection will
ignore clipboard data from the server.
--pulseaudio=yes|no
Enable or disable the starting of a pulseaudio server with the session.
--pulseaudio-command=SERVER-START-COMMAND
Specifies the pulseaudio command to use to start the pulseaudio server, unless disabled with
pulseaudio=no.
--session-name=VALUE
Sets the name of this session. This value may be used in notifications, utilities, tray menu, etc.
Setting this value on the server provides a default value which may be overridden on the client.
--encoding=ENCODING
This specifies the image encoding to use, there are a number of encodings supported: jpeg, png,
png/P, png/L, webp, rgb, vp8, vp9, h264 and h265 (some may not be available in your environment).
png compressed and lossless, can be quite slow.
png/P compressed and lossy: it uses a colour palette, which means better compression but still
slow.
png/L compressed and lossy: grayscale only using a palette.
rgb a raw pixel format (lossless) compressed with zlib or lz4, the compression ratio is lower,
but it is by far the fastest encoding available.
webp can be used in lossy or lossless mode, useful for graphical applications, it compresses
better than jpeg and is reasonably fast except at high resolutions.
jpeg can be useful for graphical applications, it is lossy and usually very fast.
vp8 lossy video encoding which always uses colour subsampling. Fast at encoding and decoding.
vp9 Far too slow at encoding, avoid.
h264 Currently the best encoding available: it is fast, efficient and tunable via the quality
and speed options.
h265 Far too slow at encoding, avoid.
The default encoding which is automatically selected if you do not specify one will depend on what
options are available on both the server and the client: rgb is always available (builtin), jpeg and png
require the Python Imaging Library, vp8, vp9, webp, h264 and h265 all require their respective shared
libraries, as well as the xpra codec that uses them.
Note: when selecting a video encoding (usually h264 or vp8), some of the smaller screen updates will be
sent using one of the other non-video encodings.
--scaling=on|offSCALING
How much automatic window downscaling should be used, from 1 (rarely) to 100 (aggressively), 0 to
disable. Window scaling is normally used with large windows (especially full screen windows) to
try to maintain a decent framerate. Window downscaling negatively affects visual quality and will
cause automatic refreshes (if enabled), it is most useful on video content where it saves a
considerable amount of bandwidth.
--opengl=yes|no|auto
Use OpenGL accelerated rendering on the client. The default is to detect if the graphics card and
drivers are supported (auto mode), but one can also disable OpenGL (no) or force it enabled (yes).
--socket-dir=DIR
Location where to write and look for the Xpra socket files. Defaults to "~/.xpra". It may also
be specified using the XPRA_SOCKET_DIR environment variable.
When using the socket-dir option, it is generally necessary to specify socket-dir on all following
commands, for xpra to work with the open sessions. Mixing different socket-dir options is not
recommended.
By specifying a shared directory this can be coupled with the mmap-group or socket-permissions
option to connect Xpra sessions across user accounts.
Options for start, upgrade, proxy and shadow
--daemon=yes|no
By default, the xpra server puts itself into the background, i.e. 'daemonizes', and redirects its
output to a log file. This prevents that behavior (useful mostly for debugging).
--mdns=yes|no
Enable or disable the publication of new sessions via mDNS.
--auth=MODULE
Specifies the authentication module to use. This can be used to secure sockets in a different way
from the --encryption switch: authentication modules can validate a username and password against
a variety of backend modules:
allow always allows authentication - this is dangerous and should only be used for testing
fail always fails authentication, useful for testing
file checks the password against the file specified using password-file switch or data provided
via the XPRA_PASSWORD environment variable. They can either contain a single password, in
which case it will be used for all usernames, or a list of user credentials of the form
(one per line): username|password|uid|gid|displays|env_opts|session_opts
pam validates the username and password using the PAM system
win32 validates the username and password using Microsoft Windows authentication
sys chooses the most appropriate system authentication module automatically (either pam or
win32)
--tcp-auth=MODULE
Just like the auth switch, except this one only applies to TCP sockets (sockets defined using the
bind-tcp switch).
Options for start, upgrade
--start=CMD
After starting the server, runs the command CMD using the default shell. The command is run with
its $DISPLAY set to point to the newly-started server. This option may be given multiple times to
start multiple children. --start-child=CMD Identical to --start, except the commands are taken
into account by --exit-with-children.
--env=KEY=VALUE
Extra environment variables which will only affect commands started using fB--start or
fB--start-child.
--exit-with-children
This option may only be used if --start-child is also given. If it is given, then the xpra server
will monitor the status of the children started by --start-child, and will automatically terminate
itself when the last of them has exited.
--use-display
Use an existing display rather than starting one with xvfb. You are responsible for starting the
display yourself. This can also be used to rescue an existing display whose xpra server instance
crashed.
--xvfb=CMD
When starting the server, xpra starts a virtual X server to run the clients on. By default, this
is 'Xvfb'. If your Xvfb is installed in a funny location, or you want to use some other virtual X
server, then this switch allows you to specify how to run your preferred X server executable. The
default value used is: Xvfb +extension Composite -screen 0 3840x2560x24+32 -nolisten tcp -noreset
-auth $XAUTHORITY
This can also be used to specify Xdummy as an alternative to Xvfb, this requires Xorg server
version 1.12 or later and the dummy driver version 0.3.5 or later. For more information, see:
https://xpra.org/Xdummy.html
Options for start, upgrade, shadow
--bind-tcp=[HOST]:PORT
The xpra server always listens for connections on a local Unix domain socket, and supports local
connections with the :7-style display address, and remote connections with the ssh:frodo:7-style
display address. If you want, it can also listen for connections on a raw TCP socket. This
behavior is enabled with --bind--tcp. If the host portion is omitted, then 127.0.0.1 (localhost)
will be used. If you wish to accept connections on all interfaces, pass 0.0.0.0 for the host
portion.
Using this switch without using the auth option is not recommended, and is a major security risk
(especially when passing 0.0.0.0)! Anyone at all may connect to this port and access your
session. Use it only if you have special needs, and understand the consequences of your actions.
--tcp-proxy=HOST:PORT
Specifies the address to which non-xpra packets will be forwarded. This can be used to share the
same TCP port with another TCP servers, usually a web server. xpra clients will connect as usual,
but any client that does not speak the xpra protocol will be forwarded to the alternative server.
--html=on|off|[HOST]:PORT
Takes care of setting up a web server for the html5 client. This automatically configures a tcp-
proxy pointing to the web server it starts. If the port is not specified, one is chosen
automatically. You may want to specify a port number or at least ensure that firewall
restrictions are in place, though web servers are usually public. This requires websockify to be
installed and a single tcp port to be configured using bind-tcp.
--video-encoders=ENCODERS
Specifies the video encoders to try to load. By default, all of them are loaded, but one may want
to specify a more restrictive list of encoders. Use the special value 'help' to get a list of
options. Use the value 'none' to not load any video encoders.
--csc-modules=MODULES
Specifies the colourspace conversion modules to try to load. By default, all of them are loaded,
but one may want to specify a more restrictive list of modules. Use the special value 'help' to
get a list of options. Use the value 'none' to not load any colourspace conversion modules.
--mmap-group Sets the mmap file's gid to match the socket file's gid and sets the mmap file's
permissions to 660. This is necessary to share the mmap file across user accounts.
--socket-permissions=ACCESS-MODE
Specifies the permissions on the server socket. Defaults to 600. This is ignored when mmap-group
is enabled.
Options for start, upgrade and attach
--password-file=FILENAME
This allows sessions to be secured with a password stored in a text file. You should use this if
you use the --bind-tcp option. If this is used on the server, it will reject any client
connections that do not provide the same password value. Instead of using this option, password
itself can be provided via the XPRA_PASSWORD environment variable.
--encryption=CIPHER
Specifies the cipher to use for securing the connection from prying eyes. This is only really
useful with the --bind-tcp option. This option requires the use of the --encryption-keyfile
option or the XPRA_ENCRYPTION_KEY environment variable. The only cipher supported at present is
AES, if the client requests encryption it will be used by both the client and server for all
communication after the initial password verification, but only if the server supports this
feature too. Note: this feature has not been extensively reviewed and as it is it should not be
considered safe from determined attackers.
--encryption-keyfile=FILENAME
Specifies the key to use with the encryption cipher specified with --encryption. The client and
server must use the same keyfile contents. Instead of using this option, the key can be provided
via the XPRA_ENCRYPTION_KEY environment variable.
--idle-timeout=IDLETIMEOUT
The connection will be terminated if there is no user activity (mouse clicks or key presses) for
the given amount of time (in seconds). Use the value 0 to disable the timeout.
--clipboard-filter-file=FILENAME
Name of a file containing regular expressions, any clipboard data that matches one of these
regular expressions will be dropped. Note: at present this only applies to copying from the
machine where this option is used, not to it.
--dpi=VALUE
The 'dots per inch' value that client applications should try to honour. This numeric value
should be in the range 10 to 500 to be useful. Many applications will only read this value when
starting up, so connecting to an existing session started with a different DPI value may not have
the desired effect.
--mouse-polling=VALUE
How often to poll the mouse position when the cursor is not hovering over one of our windows, this
is measured in seconds. If you do not wish the server to be able to have a rough overview of your
mouse movements, or if you simply wish to disable the feature, use the special value '0'.
--cursors=yes|no
Enable or disable forwarding of custom application mouse cursors. Client applications may change
the mouse cursor at any time, which will cause the new cursor's pixels to be sent to the client
each time. This disables the feature.
--notifications=yes|no
Enable or disable forwarding of system notifications. System notifications require the xpra
server to have its own instance of a dbus daemon, if it is missing a warning will be printed on
startup. This switch disables the feature entirely, and avoids the warning.
--input-method=METHOD
Specify which input method to configure. This sets a number of environment variables which should
be honoured by applications started with the start-child option.
The following METHODs are currently supported:
none Disable input methods completely and prevent it from interfering with keyboard input. This
is the default.
keep Keeps the environment unchanged. You are responsible for ensuring it is correct.
xim Enables the X Input Method.
IBus Enables the Intelligent Input Bus.
SCIM Enables the Smart Common Input Method.
uim Enables the Universal Input Method.
Any other value will also be set up, but will trigger a warning.
--xsettings=yes|no
Enable or disable xsettings synchronization. Xsettings are only forwarded from posix clients
connecting to real posix servers (not shadows).
--system-tray=yes|no
Enable or disable forwarding of system tray icons. This feature requires client support and may
not be available on all platforms.
--bell=yes|no
Enable or disable forwarding of the system bell.
--remote-logging=yes|no
Allow the client to forward its log output to the server.
Options for attach
-zLEVEL, --compress=LEVEL
Select the level of zlib compression xpra will use when transmitting data over the network.
Higher levels of compression transmit less data over the network, but use more CPU power. Valid
options are between 0 (meaning no compression) and 9, inclusive. Higher levels take progressively
more CPU while giving diminishing returns in terms of actual compression achieved; the default is
3, which gives a reasonable trade-off in general. If lz4 compression is available, it will be
enabled when the level is set to 1, lz4 compresses a lot less than zlib but it is also much
faster.
This compression is not used on pixel data (except when using the rgb encoding).
--quality=VALUE
This option sets a fixed image compression quality for lossy encodings (jpeg, webp, h264/h265 and
vp8/vp9). First, one of those lossy encodings must be enabled with --encoding. Values range from
1 (lowest quality, high compression - generally unusable) to 100 (highest quality, low
compression). Specify a value of zero to let the system tune the quality dynamically to achieve
the best bandwidth usage possible.
--min-quality=MIN-QUALITY
This option sets the minimum encoding quality allowed when the quality option is set to automatic
mode.
--speed=SPEED
This option sets the encoding speed. Slower compresses more, faster will give better latency.
The system normally uses a variable speed, this option forces a fixed speed setting to be used
instead.
--min-speed=MIN-SPEED
This option sets the minimum encoding speed allowed when the speed option is set to automatic
mode.
--auto-refresh-delay=DELAY
This option sets a delay after which the windows are automatically refreshed using a lossless
frame. The delay is a floating-point number and is in seconds. This option is enabled by default
with a delay of 1 second. This option is only relevant when using a lossy encoding with a quality
lower than 95%.
--key-shortcut=KEY:ACTION
Can be specified multiple times to add multiple key shortcuts. These keys will be caught by the
client and trigger the action specified and the key presses will not be passed to the server.
The KEY specification may include keyboard modifiers in the form [modifier+]*key, for example:
Shift+F10 or Shift+Control+B
If no shortcuts are defined on the command line, the following default one will be used:
Meta+Shift+F4:quit
Some of the actions may allow arguments (ie: the log action does), in which case they are
specified in the usual programming style syntax: ACTION(ARG1, ARG2, etc)
String arguments must be quoted (both single and double quotes are supported) and numeric
arguments must not be quoted. Beware the the parenthesis and quotes must usually be escaped when
used from a shell command line. Example: --key-shortcut=Meta+Shift+F7:log\(\'hello\'\)
The following ACTIONs are currently defined:
quit Disconnect the xpra client.
log("MESSAGE")
Sends MESSAGE to the log.
show_session_info[("TabName")]
Shows the session information window. The optional TabName allows the information tab shown
to be selected. Use the value help to get the list of options.
show_start_new_command
Shows the start new command dialog.
magic_key
Placeholder which can be used by some window layouts.
void Does not do anything, and can therefore be used to prevent certain key combinations from
ever being sent to the server.
refresh_window
Force the currently focused window to be refreshed.
refresh_all_windows
Force all windows to be refreshed.
--readonly=yes|no
Read only mode prevents all keyboard and mouse activity from being sent to the server.
--sharing=yes|no
Sharing allows more than one client to connect to the same session. This must be enabled on both
the server and all co-operating clients to function.
--keyboard-sync=yes|no
Normally the key presses and key release events are sent to the server as they occur so that the
server can maintain a consistent keyboard state. Disabling synchronization can prevent keys from
repeating unexpectedly on high latency links but it may also disrupt applications which access the
keyboard directly (games, etc.).
--sound-source=LUGIN
Specifies the GStreamer sound plugin used for capturing the sound stream. This affects "speaker
forwarding" on the server, and "microphone" forwarding on the client. To get a list of options
use the special value 'help'. It is also possible to specify plugin options using the form:
--sound-source=pulsedevice=device.alsa_input.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo
--speaker=on|off|disabled and --microphone=on|off|disabled
Sound input and output forwarding support: on will start the forwarding as soon as the connection
is established, off will require the user to enable it via the menu, disabled will prevent it from
being used and the menu entry will be disabled.
--speaker-codec=CODEC and --microphone-codec=CODEC
Specify the codec(s) to use for sound output (speaker) or input (microphone). This parameter can
be specified multiple times and the order in which the codecs are specified defines the preferred
codec order. Use the special value 'help' to get a list of options. When unspecified, all the
available codecs are allowed and the first one is used.
--title=VALUE
Sets the text shown as window title. The string supplied can make use of remote metadata
placeholders which will be populated at runtime with the values from the remote server. The
default value used is "@title@ on @client-machine@".
The following placeholders are defined:
@title@
Will be replaced by the remote window's title.
@client-machine@
Will be replaced by the remote server's hostname.
--client-toolkit=TOOLKIT
Specifies the client toolkit to use. This changes the user interface toolkit used to draw the
windows and may affect the availability of other features. The 'gtk2' toolkit is the one with the
most features. Use the special value 'help' to get a list of options.
--border=BORDER
Specifies the color and size of the border to draw inside every xpra window. This can be used to
easily distinguish xpra windows running on remote hosts from local windows. The BORDER can be
specified using standard color names (ie: red, or orange) or using the web hexadecimal syntax (ie:
#F00 or #FF8C00). The special color name "auto" will derive the color from the server target
address (the connection string) so that connecting to the same target should always give the same
color. You may also specify the size of the border in pixels, ie: --border=yellow,10.
--window-layout=LAYOUT
Specifies how main windows are drawn, this can be used to add widgets or use custom code. Use the
special value 'help' to get a list of options. Each client toolkit may or may not provide
different window layouts.
--window-icon=FILENAME
Path to the default image which will be used for all windows. This icon may be shown in the
window's bar, its iconified state or task switchers. This depends on the operating system, the
window manage and the application may override this too.
--tray=yes|no
Enable or disable the system tray. Not available on OSX since the dock icon is always shown.
--delay-tray
Waits for the first window or notification to appear before showing the system tray. (posix only)
--tray-icon=FILENAME
Specifies the icon shown in the dock/tray. By default it uses a simple default 'xpra' icon. (On
Microsoft Windows, the icon must be in ico format.)
--enable-pings
The client and server will exchange ping and echo packets which are used to gather latency
statistics. Those statistics can be seen using the xpra info command.
Options for attach, stop, info, screenshot, version
--ssh=CMD
When you use an ssh: address to connect to a remote display, xpra runs ssh(1) to make the
underlying connection. By default, it does this by running the command "ssh". If your ssh program
is in an unusual location, has an unusual name, or you want to pass special options to change
ssh's behavior, then you can use the --ssh switch to tell xpra how to run ssh.
For example, if you want to use arcfour encryption, then you should run
xpra attach --ssh="ssh -c arcfour" ssh:frodo:7
Note: Don't bother to enable ssh compression; this is redundant with xpra's own compression, and
will just waste your CPU. See also xpra's --compress switch.
On MS Windows, where backslashes are used to separate path elements and where spaces are often
used as part of paths, you need to add quotes around paths. (ie: ssh="C:\Program
Files\Xpra\Plink.exe" -ssh -agent)
--exit-ssh=yes|no
Choose whether the SSH client process should be forcibly terminated when xpra disconnects from the
server. If you are using SSH connection sharing, you may want to avoid stopping the SSH master
process instance spawned by xpra as it may be used by other SSH sessions. Note: the exit-ssh=no
detaches the SSH process from the terminal which prevents the SSH process from interacting with
the terminal input, this disables the keyboard interaction required for password input, host key
verification, etc..
--remote-xpra=CMD
When connecting to a remote server over ssh, xpra needs to be able to find and run the xpra
executable on the remote host. If this executable is in a non-standard location, or requires
special environment variables to be set before it can run, then accomplishing this may be non-
trivial. If running xpra attach ssh:something fails because it cannot find the remote xpra, then
you can use this option to specify how to run xpra on the remote host.
That said, this option should not be needed in normal usage, as xpra tries quite hard to work
around the above problems. If you find yourself needing it often, then that may indicate a bug
that we would appreciate hearing about.
ENVIRONMENT
DISPLAY
xpra start --start-child=... sets this variable in the environment of the child to point to the
xpra display.
xpra attach, on the other hand, uses this variable to determine which display the remote
applications should be shown on.
XPRA_PASSWORD Can be used to specify the password (or user and password list) as an alternative to
a password file. If --password-file is also specified, this environment variable is ignored.
XPRA_ENCRYPTION_KEY Can be used to specify the encryption key to use if encryption is enabled.
Specifying the key on its own does not enable encryption. If --encryption-keyfile is also
specified, this environment variable is ignored.
FILES
xpra.conf stores default values for most options. There is a global config file in /etc or
/usr/local/etc, and each user may override it using .xpra/xpra.conf. Xpra uses the directory ~/.xpra to
store a number of files. (The examples below are given for the display :7.)
~/.xpra/:7
The unix domain socket that clients use to contact the xpra server.
~/.xpra/:7.log
When run in daemon mode (the default), the xpra server directs all output to this file. This
includes all debugging output, if debugging is enabled.
~/.xpra/run-xpra
A shell script that, when run, starts up xpra with the correct python interpreter, PYTHONPATH,
PATH, location of the main xpra script, etc. Automatically generated by xpra start and used by
xpra attach (see also the discussion of --remote-xpra).
BUGS
Xpra has no test suite.
Xpra does not fully handle all aspects of the X protocol; for instance, fancy input features like
pressure-sensitivity on tablets, some window manager hints, and probably other more obscure parts of the
X protocol. It does, however, degrade gracefully, and patches for each feature would be gratefully
accepted.
The xpra server allocates an over-large framebuffer when using Xvfb; this wastes memory, and can cause
applications to misbehave (e.g., by letting menus go off-screen). Conversely, if the framebuffer is ever
insufficiently large, clients will misbehave in other ways (e.g., input events will be misdirected).
This is not a problem when using Xdummy, see the --xvfb= switch for details.
REPORTING BUGS
Send any questions or bugs reports to <antoine@devloop.org.uk>.
SEE ALSO
screen(1) winswitch_applet(1)
XPRA(1)