NAME

       xymonnet - Xymon network test tool

SYNOPSIS

       xymonnet [--ping|--noping] [--timeout=N] [options] [hostname] [hostname]
       (See the OPTIONS section for a description of the available command-line options).

DESCRIPTION

xymonnet(1) handles the network tests of hosts defined in the Xymon configuration file, hosts.cfg. It is
normally run at regular intervals by xymonlaunch(8) via an entry in the tasks.cfg(5) file.

xymonnet does all of the normal tests of TCP-based network services (telnet, ftp, ssh, smtp, pop, imap
....) - i.e. all of the services listed in protocols.cfg. For these tests, a completely new and very
speedy service- checker has been implemented.

xymonnet has built-in support for testing SSL-enabled protocols, e.g. imaps, pop3s, nntps, telnets, if
SSL-support was enabled when configuring xymonnet. The full list of known tests is found in the
protocols.cfg(5) file in $XYMONHOME/etc/protocols.cfg.

In addition, it implements the "dns" and "dig" tests for testing DNS servers.

xymonnet also implements a check for NTP servers - this test is called "ntp". If you want to use it, you
must define the NTPDATE environment variable to point at the location of your ntpdate(1) program.

Note: xymonnet performs the connectivity test (ping) based on the hostname, unless the host is tagged
with "testip" or the "--dns=ip" option is used. So the target of the connectivity test can be determined
by your /etc/hosts file or DNS.

By default, all servers are tested - if XYMONNETWORK is set via xymonserver.cfg(5) then only the hosts
marked as belonging to this network are tested. If the command-line includes one or more hostnames, then
only those servers are tested.

GENERAL OPTIONS

--timeout=N
Determines the timeout (in seconds) for each service that is tested. For TCP tests (those from
XYMONNETSVCS), if the connection to the service does not succeed within N seconds, the service is
reported as being down. For HTTP tests, this is the absolute limit for the entire request to the
webserver (the time needed to connect to the server, plus the time it takes the server to respond
to the request). Default: 10 seconds

--conntimeout=N
This option is deprecated, and will be ignored. Use the --timeout option instead.

--cmdtimeout=N
This option sets a timeout for the external commands used for testing of NTP and RPC services, and
to perform traceroute.

--concurrency=N
Determines the number of network tests that run in parallel. Default is operating system
dependent, but will usually be 256. If xymonnet begins to complain about not being able to get a
"socket", try running xymonnet with a lower value like 50 or 100.

--dns-timeout=N (default: 30 seconds)
xymonnet will timeout all DNS lookups after N seconds. Any pending DNS lookups are regarded as
failed, i.e. the network tests that depend on this DNS lookup will report an error.
Note: If you use the --no-ares option, timeout of DNS lookups cannot be controlled by xymonnet.

--dns-max-all=N
Same as "--dns-timeout=N". The "--dns-max-all" option is deprecated and should not be used.

--dns=[ip|only|standard]
Determines how xymonnet finds the IP addresses of the hosts to test. By default (the "standard"),
xymonnet does a DNS lookup of the hostname to determine the IP address, unless the host has the
"testip" tag, or the DNS lookup fails.
With "--dns=only" xymonnet will ONLY do the DNS lookup; if it fails, then all services on that
host will be reported as being down.
With "--dns=ip" xymonnet will never do a DNS lookup; it will use the IP adresse specified in
hosts.cfg for the tests. Thus, this setting is equivalent to having the "testip" tag on all hosts.
Note that http tests will ignore this setting and still perform a DNS lookup for the hostname
given in the URL; see the "xymonnet tags for HTTP tests" section in hosts.cfg(5)

--no-ares
Disable the ARES resolver built into xymonnet. This makes xymonnet resolve hostnames using your
system resolver function. You should only use this as a last resort if xymonnet cannot resolve the
hostnames you use in the normal way (via DNS or /etc/hosts). One reason for using this would be if
you need to resolve hostnames via NIS/NIS+ (a.k.a. Yellow Pages).
The system resolver function does not provide a mechanism for controlling timeouts of the hostname
lookups, so if your DNS or NIS server is down, xymonnet can take a very long time to run. The
--dns-timeout option is effectively disabled when using this option.

--dnslog=FILENAME
Log failed hostname lookups to the file FILENAME. FILENAME should be a full pathname.

--report[=COLUMNNAME]
With this option, xymonnet will send a status message with details of how many hosts were
processed, how many tests were generated, any errors that occurred during the run, and some timing
statistics. The default columnname is "xymonnet".

--test-untagged
When using the XYMONNETWORK environment variable to test only hosts on a particular network
segment, xymonnet will ignore hosts that do not have any "NET:x" tag. So only hosts that have a
NET:$XYMONNETWORK tag will be tested.
With this option, hosts with no NET: tag are included in the test, so that all hosts that either
have a matching NET: tag, or no NET: tag at all are tested.

--frequenttestlimit=N
Used with the xymonnet-again.sh(1) Xymon extension. This option determines how long failed tests
remain in the frequent-test queue. The default is 1800 seconds (30 minutes).

--timelimit=N
Causes xymonnet to generate a warning if the run-time of xymonnet exceeds N seconds. By default N
is set to the value of TASKSLEEP, so a warning triggers if the network tests cannot complete in
the time given for one cycle of the xymonnet task. Apart from the warning, this option has no
effect, i.e. it will not terminate xymonnet prematurely. So to eliminate any such warnings, use
this option with a very high value of N.

--huge=N
Warn if the response from a TCP test is more than N bytes. If you see from the xymonnet status
report that you are transferring large amounts of data for your tests, you can enable this option
to see which tests have large replies.
Default: 0 (disabled).

--validity=N
Make the test results valid for N minutes before they go purple. By default test results are
valid for 30 minutes; if you run xymonnet less often than that, the results will go purple before
the next run of xymonnet. This option lets you change how long the status is valid.

--source-ip=IPADDRESS
On multi-homed hosts, this option can be used to explicitly select the source IP address used for
the network tests. "IPADDRESS" must be a valid IP-address on the host running xymonnet.

--loadhostsfromxymond
Instead of reading the hosts.cfg file, xymonnet will load the hosts.cfg configuration from the
xymond daemon. This eliminates the need for reading the hosts.cfg, and if you have xymond and
xymonnet running on different hosts, it also eliminates the need for copying the hosts.cfg file
between systems. Note that the "netinclude" option in hosts.cfg is ignored when this option is
enabled.

OPTIONS FOR TESTS OF THE SIMPLE TCP SERVICES

--checkresponse[=COLOR]
When testing well-known services (e.g. FTP, SSH, SMTP, POP-2, POP-3, IMAP, NNTP and rsync),
xymonnet will look for a valid service-specific "OK" response. If another reponse is seen, this
will cause the test to report a warning (yellow) status. Without this option, the response from
the service is ignored.
The optional color-name is used to select a color other than yellow for the status message when
the response is wrong. E.g. "--checkresponse=red" will cause a "red" status message to be sent
when the service does not respond as expected.

--no-flags
By default, xymonnet sends some extra information in the status messages, called "flags". These
are used by xymongen e.g. to pick different icons for reversed tests when generating the Xymon
webpages. This option makes xymonnet omit these flags from the status messages.

--shuffle
By default, TCP tests run roughly in the order that the hosts are listed in the hosts.cfg file. If
you have many tests for one server, this may result in an exceptionally large load when Xymon is
testing it because Xymon will perform a lot of tests at the same time. To avoid this, the
--shuffle option reorders the sequence of tests so they are spread randomly across all of the
servers tested.

OPTIONS FOR THE PING TEST

Note: xymonnet uses the program defined by the FPING environment to execute ping-tests - by default, that
is the xymonping(1) utility. See xymonserver.cfg(5) for a description of how to customize this, e.g. if
you need to run it with "sudo" or a similar tool.

--ping Enables xymonnet's ping test. The column name used for ping test results is defined by the
PINGCOLUMN environment variable in xymonserver.cfg(5).
If not specified, xymonnet uses the CONNTEST environment variable to determine if it should
perform the ping test or not. So if you prefer to use another tool to implement ping checks,
either set the CONNTEST environment variable to false, or run xymonnet with the "--noping".

--noping
Disable the connectivity test.

--trace

--notrace
Enable/disable the use of traceroute when a ping-test fails. Performing a traceroute for failed
ping tests is a slow operation, so the default is not to do any traceroute, unless it is requested
on a per-host basis via the "trace" tag in the hosts.cfg(5) entry for each host. The "--trace"
option changes this, so the default becomes to run traceroute on all hosts where the ping test
fails; you can then disable it on specific hosts by putting a "notrace" tag on the host-entry.

--ping-tasks=N
Spread the task of pinging the hosts over N processes. If you have a very large number of hosts
the time it takes to ping all of them can be substantial, even with the use of tools like fping or
xymonping that ping many hosts in parallel. This option causes xymonnet to start N separate ping
processes, the IP's that are being ping'ed will be divided evenly between these processes.

OPTIONS FOR HTTP (WEB) TESTS

       --content=CONTENTTESTNAME
              Determines the name of the column Xymon displays for content checks.  The  default  is  "content".
              If you have used the "cont.sh" or "cont2.sh" scripts earlier, you may want to use "--content=cont"
              to report content checks using the same test name as these scripts do.

       --bb-proxy-syntax
              Adhere to the Big Brother syntax for a URL, which allows specifying a HTTP proxy as part of a URL.
              See  "HTTP  Testing  via  proxy" in the hosts.cfg(5) file for details. Beginning with Xymon 4.3.0,
              this behaviour is disabled by default since URL's that include  other  URL's  are  now  much  more
              common. This option restores the old Big Brother-compatible behaviour.

OPTIONS FOR SSL CERTIFICATE TESTS

       --ssl=SSLCERTTESTNAME
              Determines  the  name of the column Xymon displays for the SSL certificate checks.  The default is
              "sslcert".

       --no-ssl
              Disables reporting of the SSL certificate check.

       --sslwarn=N

       --sslalarm=N
              Determines the number of days before an SSL certificate expires, where xymonnet  will  generate  a
              warning or alarm status for the SSL certificate column.

       --sslbits=N
              Enables  checking  that  the encryption supported by the SSL protocol uses an encryption key of at
              least N bits.  E.g. to trigger an alert if your SSL-enabled website supports less than 128 bits of
              encryption,  use  "--sslbits=128".   Note:  This  can  be  enabled  on  a per-host basis using the
              "sslbits=N" setting in hosts.cfg(5)

       --sslkeysize=N
              Enables checking of the length of the public key in SSL certificates.  N is the  minimum  size  of
              the  SSL  public  key, typically such keys are 2048 bits, but some older certificates may use keys
              with 1024 bits or less. If you specify this, SSL certificates with keys  less  than  N  bits  will
              result in the "sslcert" status going yellow.  Default: 0, i.e. this check is disabled.

       --no-cipherlist
              Do not show encryption cipher details on the "sslcert" status.

       --showallciphers
              List ALL locally available encryption ciphers on the "sslcert" status.

       --sni=[on|off]
              Sets  the  default  for whether SSL connections use SNI (Server Name Indication). This can also be
              set with the "sni" or "nosni" options in hosts.cfg for each host - the hosts.cfg entries  override
              this  option.  Default: off

DEBUGGING OPTIONS

       --no-update
              Don't send any status updates to the Xymon server. Instead, all messages are dumped to stdout.

       --timing
              Causes  xymonnet  to  collect  information about the time spent in different parts of the program.
              The information is printed on stdout just before the program ends. Note that this  information  is
              also included in the status report sent with the "--report" option.

       --debug
              Dumps a bunch of status about the tests as they progress to stdout.

       --dump[=before|=after|=both]
              Dumps internal memory structures before and/or after the tests have executed.

INFORMATIONAL OPTIONS

       --help or -?
              Provide a summary of available command-line options.

       --version
              Prints the version number of xymonnet

       --services
              Dump the list of defined TCP services xymonnet knows how to test. Do not run any tests.

USING COOKIES IN WEB TESTS

       If  the  file  $XYMONHOME/etc/cookies  exist, cookies will be read from this file and sent along with the
       HTTP  requests  when  checking  websites.  This  file   is   in   the   Netscape   Cookie   format,   see
       http://www.netscape.com/newsref/std/cookie_spec.html  for details on this format. The curl(1) utility can
       output a file in this format if run with the "--cookie-jar FILENAME" option.

ABOUT SSL CERTIFICATE CHECKS

       When xymonnet tests services that use SSL-  or  TLS-based  protocols,  it  will  check  that  the  server
       certificate has not expired. This check happens automatically for https (secure web), pop3s, imaps, nntps
       and all other SSL-enabled services (except ldap, see LDAP TESTS below).

       All certificates found for a host are reported in one status message.

       Note: On most systems, the end-date of the certificate is limited to Jan 19th, 2038. If your  certificate
       is  valid  after  this  date,  xymonnet  will  report it as valid only until Jan 19, 2038. This is due to
       limitations in your operating system C library. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2038_problem .

LDAP TESTS

ldap testing can be done in two ways. If you just put an "ldap" or "ldaps" tag in hosts.cfg, a simple
test is performed that just verifies that it is possible to establish a connection to the port running
the ldap service (389 for ldap, 636 for ldaps).

Instead you can put an LDAP URI in hosts.cfg. This will cause xymonnet to initiate a full-blown LDAP
session with the server, and do an LDAP search for the objects defined by the URI. This requires that
xymonnet was built with LDAP support, and relies on an existing LDAP library to be installed. It has
been tested with OpenLDAP 2.0.26 (from Red Hat 9) and 2.1.22. The Solaris 8 system ldap library has also
been confirmed to work for un-encrypted (plain ldap) access.

The format of LDAP URI's is defined in RFC 2255. LDAP URLs look like this:

ldap://hostport/dn[?attrs[?scope[?filter[?exts]]]]

where:
hostport is a host name with an optional ":portnumber"
dn is the search base
attrs is a comma separated list of attributes to request
scope is one of these three strings:
base one sub (default=base)
filter is filter
exts are recognized set of LDAP and/or API extensions.

Example:
ldap://ldap.example.net/dc=example,dc=net?cn,sn?sub?(cn=*)

All "bind" operations to LDAP servers use simple authentication. Kerberos and SASL are not supported. If
your LDAP server requires a username/password, use the "ldaplogin" tag to specify this, cf. hosts.cfg(5)
If no username/password information is provided, an anonymous bind will be attempted.

SSL support requires both a client library and an LDAP server that support LDAPv3; it uses the LDAP
"STARTTLS" protocol request after establishing a connection to the standard (non-encrypted) LDAP port
(usually port 389). It has only been tested with OpenSSL 2.x, and probably will not work with any other
LDAP library.

The older LDAPv2 experimental method of tunnelling normal LDAP traffic through an SSL connection - ldaps,
running on port 636 - is not supported, unless someone can explain how to get the OpenLDAP library to
support it. This method was never formally described in an RFC, and implementations of it are non-
standard.

For a discussion of the various ways of running encrypted ldap, see
http://www.openldap.org/lists/openldap-software/200305/msg00079.html
http://www.openldap.org/lists/openldap-software/200305/msg00084.html
http://www.openldap.org/lists/openldap-software/200201/msg00042.html
http://www.openldap.org/lists/openldap-software/200206/msg00387.html

When testing LDAP URI's, all of the communications are handled by the ldap library. Therefore, it is not
possible to obtain the SSL certificate used by the LDAP server, and it will not show up in the "sslcert"
column.

USING MULTIPLE NETWORK TEST SYSTEMS

       If you have more than one system running network tests - e.g. if your network is separated by firewalls -
       then  is  is problematic to maintain multiple hosts.cfg files for each of the systems.  xymonnet supports
       the NET:location tag in hosts.cfg(5) to distinguish between hosts that should be  tested  from  different
       network  locations.  If  you  set  the  environment  variable  XYMONNETWORK  e.g. to "dmz" before running
       xymonnet, then it will only test hosts that have a "NET:dmz" tag in hosts.cfg. This allows  you  to  keep
       all  of  your  hosts  in  the  same hosts.cfg file, but test different sets of hosts by different systems
       running xymonnet.

XYMONNET INTERNALS

xymonnet first reads the protocols.cfg file to see which network tests are defined. It then scans the
hosts.cfg file, and collects information about the TCP service tests that need to be tested. It picks out
only the tests that were listed in the protocols.cfg file, plus the "dns", "dig" and "ntp" tests.

It then runs two tasks in parallel: First, a separate process is started to run the "xymonping" tool for
the connectivity tests. While xymonping is busy doing the "ping" checks, xymonnet runs all of the TCP-
based network tests.

All of the TCP-based service checks are handled by a connection tester written specifically for this
purpose. It uses only standard Unix-style network programming, but relies on the Unix "select(2)" system-
call to handle many simultaneous connections happening in parallel. Exactly how many parallel connections
are being used depends on your operating system - the default is FD_SETSIZE/4, which amounts to 256 on
many Unix systems.

You can choose the number of concurrent connections with the "--concurrency=N" option to xymonnet.

Connection attempts timeout after 10 seconds - this can be changed with the "--timeout=N" option.

Both of these settings play a part in deciding how long the testing takes. A conservative estimate for
doing N TCP tests is:

(1 + (N / concurrency)) * timeout

In real life it will probably be less, as the above formula is for every test to require a timeout. Since
the most normal use of Xymon is to check for services that are active, you should have a lot less
timeouts.

The "ntp" and "rpcinfo" checks rely on external programs to do each test.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

XYMONNETWORK
Defines the network segment where xymonnet is currently running. This is used to filter out only
the entries in the hosts.cfg(5) file that have a matching "NET:LOCATION" tag, and execute the
tests for only those hosts.

MAXMSGSPERCOMBO
Defines the maximum number of status messages that can be sent in one combo message. Default is 0
- no limit.
In practice, the maximum size of a single Xymon message sets a limit - the default value for the
maximum message size is 32 KB, but that will easily accommodate 100 status messages per
transmission. So if you want to experiment with this setting, I suggest starting with a value of
10.

SLEEPBETWEENMSGS
Defines a a delay (in microseconds) after each message is transmitted to the Xymon server. The
default is 0, i.e. send the messages as fast as possible. This gives your Xymon server some time
to process the message before the next message comes in. Depending on the speed of your Xymon
server, it may be necessary to set this value to half a second or even 1 or 2 seconds. Note that
the value is specified in MICROseconds, so to define a delay of half a second, this must be set to
the value "500000"; a delay of 1 second is achieved by setting this to "1000000" (one million).

FPING Command used to run the xymonping(1) utility. Used by xymonnet for connectivity (ping) testing.
See xymonserver.cfg(5) for more information about how to customize the program that is executed to
do ping tests.

TRACEROUTE
Location of the traceroute(8) utility, or an equivalent tool e.g. mtr(8). Optionally used when a
connectivity test fails to pinpoint the network location that is causing the failure.

NTPDATE
Location of the ntpdate(1) utility. Used by xymonnet when checking the "ntp" service.

RPCINFO
Location of the rpcinfo(8) utility. Used by xymonnet for the "rpc" service checks.

FILES

~/server/etc/protocols.cfg
This file contains definitions of TCP services that xymonnet can test. Definitions for a default
set of common services is built into xymonnet, but these can be overridden or supplemented by
defining services in the protocols.cfg file. See protocols.cfg(5) for details on this file.

$XYMONHOME/etc/netrc - authentication data for password-protected webs
If you have password-protected sites, you can put the usernames and passwords for these here. They
will then get picked up automatically when running your network tests. This works for web-sites
that use the "Basic" authentication scheme in HTTP. See ftp(1) for details - a sample entry would
look like this
machine www.acme.com login fred password Wilma1
Note that the machine-name must be the name you use in the http://machinename/ URL setting - it
need not be the one you use for the system-name in Xymon.

$XYMONHOME/etc/cookies
This file may contain website cookies, in the Netscape HTTP Cookie format. If a website requires a
static cookie to be present in order for the check to complete, then you can add this cookie to
this file, and it will be sent along with the HTTP request. To get the cookies into this file, you
can use the "curl --cookie-jar FILE" to request the URL that sets the cookie.

$XYMONTMP/*.status - test status summary
Each time xymonnet runs, if any tests fail (i.e. they result in a red status) then they will be
listed in a file name TESTNAME.[LOCATION].status. The LOCATION part may be null. This file is used
to determine how long the failure has lasted, which in turn decides if this test should be
included in the tests done by xymonnet-again.sh(1)
It is also used internally by xymonnet when determining the color for tests that use the "badconn"
or "badTESTNAME" tags.

$XYMONTMP/frequenttests.[LOCATION]
This file contains the hostnames of those hosts that should be retested by the xymonnet-
again.sh(1) test tool. It is updated only by xymonnet during the normal runs, and read by
xymonnet-again.sh.