NAME

       usermod - verändert ein Benutzerkonto

ÜBERSICHT

       usermod [Optionen] ANMELDENAME

BESCHREIBUNG

       The usermod command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are
       specified on the command line.

OPTIONEN

       The options which apply to the usermod command are:

       -a, --append
           Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the -G option.

       -b, --badnames
           Allow names that do not conform to standards.

       -c, --comment COMMENT
           The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is normally modified using
           the chfn(1) utility.

       -d, --home HOME_DIR
           das neue Home-Verzeichnis des Benutzers

           If the -m option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to
           the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist.

       -e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE
           The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified in the
           format YYYY-MM-DD.

           An empty EXPIRE_DATE argument will disable the expiration of the account.

           This option requires a /etc/shadow file. A /etc/shadow entry will be created if there
           were none.

       -f, --inactive INACTIVE
           Die Anzahl von Tagen, nach denen ein Passwort abgelaufen ist, bis das Konto
           deaktiviert wird.

           Ein Wert von 0 deaktiviert das Konto, sobald das Passwort abläuft. Ein Wert von -1
           schaltet diese Funktion ab.

           This option requires a /etc/shadow file. A /etc/shadow entry will be created if there
           were none.

       -g, --gid GROUP
           Der Name oder die Zahl der anfänglichen Anmeldegruppe eines neuen Benutzers. Der
           Gruppenname muss existieren.

           Jede Datei im Home-Verzeichnis des Benutzers, die der alten Hauptgruppe des Benutzers
           gehörte, wird dieser neuen Gruppe gehören.

           Die Gruppenzugehörigkeit von Dateien außerhalb des Home-Verzeichnisses des Benutzers
           muss per Hand angepasst werden.

       -G, --groups GROUP1[,GROUP2,...[,GROUPN]]]
           A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each group is
           separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. The groups are
           subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the -g option.

           If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be
           removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the -a option, which appends
           the user to the current supplementary group list.

       -l, --login NEW_LOGIN
           The name of the user will be changed from LOGIN to NEW_LOGIN. Nothing else is changed.
           In particular, the user's home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed
           manually to reflect the new login name.

       -L, --lock
           Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted password,
           effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option with -p or -U.

           Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should
           also set the EXPIRE_DATE to 1.

       -m, --move-home
           verschiebt den Inhalt des Home-Verzeichnisses eines Benutzers zu dem neuen Ziel

           This option is only valid in combination with the -d (or --home) option.

           usermod will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and
           extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards.

       -o, --non-unique
           When used with the -u option, this option allows to change the user ID to a non-unique
           value.

       -p, --password PASSWORD
           The encrypted password, as returned by crypt(3).

           Note: This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will
           be visible by users listing the processes.

           The password will be written in the local /etc/passwd or /etc/shadow file. This might
           differ from the password database configured in your PAM configuration.

           Sie sollten sicherstellen, dass das Passwort den Passwortrichtlinien des Systems
           entspricht.

       -R, --root CHROOT_DIR
           Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the
           CHROOT_DIR directory.

       -P, --prefix PREFIX_DIR
           Apply changes in the PREFIX_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the
           PREFIX_DIR directory. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a
           cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not
           verified. PAM authentication is using the host files. No SELINUX support.

       -s, --shell SHELL
           Der Name der neuen Anmelde-Shell des Benutzers. Falls dieses Feld leer gelassen wird,
           verwendet das System die Standard-Anmelde-Shell.

       -u, --uid UID
           der neue numerische Wert der UID des Benutzers

           This value must be unique, unless the -o option is used. The value must be
           non-negative.

           Für die Mailbox des Benutzers und alle Dateien, die ihm gehören und sich in seinem
           Home-Verzeichnis befinden, wird die ID des Eigentümers automatisch angepasst.

           Der Eigentümer von Dateien außerhalb des Home-Verzeichnisses des Benutzers muss per
           Hand angepasst werden.

           No checks will be performed with regard to the UID_MIN, UID_MAX, SYS_UID_MIN, or
           SYS_UID_MAX from /etc/login.defs.

       -U, --unlock
           Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted password. You
           can't use this option with -p or -L.

           Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should
           also set the EXPIRE_DATE (for example to 99999, or to the EXPIRE value from
           /etc/default/useradd).

       -v, --add-subuids FIRST-LAST
           Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account.

           This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account.

           No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_UID_MIN, SUB_UID_MAX, or SUB_UID_COUNT
           from /etc/login.defs.

       -V, --del-subuids FIRST-LAST
           Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account.

           This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users
           account. When both --del-subuids and --add-subuids are specified, the removal of all
           subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added.

           No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_UID_MIN, SUB_UID_MAX, or SUB_UID_COUNT
           from /etc/login.defs.

       -w, --add-subgids FIRST-LAST
           Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account.

           This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account.

           No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_GID_MIN, SUB_GID_MAX, or SUB_GID_COUNT
           from /etc/login.defs.

       -W, --del-subgids FIRST-LAST
           Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account.

           This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users
           account. When both --del-subgids and --add-subgids are specified, the removal of all
           subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added.

           No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_GID_MIN, SUB_GID_MAX, or SUB_GID_COUNT
           from /etc/login.defs.

       -Z, --selinux-user SEUSER
           der neue SELinux-Benutzer für den Anmeldenamen des Benutzers

           A blank SEUSER will remove the SELinux user mapping for user LOGIN (if any).

WARNUNGEN

       You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command
       is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the user's name, or the user's home
       directory is being changed. usermod checks this on Linux. On other platforms it only uses
       utmp to check if the user is logged in.

       You must change the owner of any crontab files or at jobs manually.

       Sie müssen alle Änderung in Bezug auf NIS auf dem NIS-Server vornehmen.

KONFIGURATION

       The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:

       LASTLOG_UID_MAX (number)
           Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated. As higher user
           IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is
           no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them.

           No LASTLOG_UID_MAX option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID
           limit for writing lastlog entries.

       MAIL_DIR (string)
           Das Verzeichnis des Mail-Spools. Diese Angabe wird benötigt, um die Mailbox zu
           bearbeiten, nachdem das entsprechende Benutzerkonto verändert oder gelöscht wurde.
           Falls nicht angegeben, wird ein Standard verwendet, der beim Kompilieren festgelegt
           wurde.

       MAIL_FILE (string)
           Legt den Ort der Mail-Spool-Dateien eines Benutzers relativ zu seinem Home-Verzeichnis
           fest.

       The MAIL_DIR and MAIL_FILE variables are used by useradd, usermod, and userdel to create,
       move, or delete the user's mail spool.

       MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP (number)
           Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line)
           is started in /etc/group (with the same name, same password, and same GID).

           Der Standardwert ist 0, was zur Folge hat, dass die Anzahl der Mitglieder einer Gruppe
           nicht begrenzt ist.

           Diese Fähigkeit (der aufgeteilten Gruppe) ermöglicht es, die Zeilenlänge in der
           Gruppendatei zu begrenzen. Damit kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Zeilen für
           NIS-Gruppen nicht länger als 1024 Zeichen sind.

           Falls Sie eine solche Begrenzung benötigen, können Sie 25 verwenden.

           Hinweis: Aufgeteilte Gruppen werden möglicherweise nicht von allen Werkzeugen
           unterstützt, selbst nicht aus der Shadow-Werkzeugsammlung. Sie sollten diese Variable
           nur setzen, falls Sie zwingend darauf angewiesen sind.

       SUB_GID_MIN (number), SUB_GID_MAX (number), SUB_GID_COUNT (number)
           If /etc/subuid exists, the commands useradd and newusers (unless the user already have
           subordinate group IDs) allocate SUB_GID_COUNT unused group IDs from the range
           SUB_GID_MIN to SUB_GID_MAX for each new user.

           The default values for SUB_GID_MIN, SUB_GID_MAX, SUB_GID_COUNT are respectively
           100000, 600100000 and 65536.

       SUB_UID_MIN (number), SUB_UID_MAX (number), SUB_UID_COUNT (number)
           If /etc/subuid exists, the commands useradd and newusers (unless the user already have
           subordinate user IDs) allocate SUB_UID_COUNT unused user IDs from the range
           SUB_UID_MIN to SUB_UID_MAX for each new user.

           The default values for SUB_UID_MIN, SUB_UID_MAX, SUB_UID_COUNT are respectively
           100000, 600100000 and 65536.

DATEIEN

       /etc/group
           Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten

       /etc/gshadow
           sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten

       /etc/login.defs
           Konfiguration der Shadow-Passwort-Werkzeugsammlung

       /etc/passwd
           Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten

       /etc/shadow
           verschlüsselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten

       /etc/subgid
           Per user subordinate group IDs.

       /etc/subuid
           Per user subordinate user IDs.

SIEHE AUCH

       chfn(1), chsh(1), passwd(1), crypt(3), gpasswd(8), groupadd(8), groupdel(8), groupmod(8),
       login.defs(5), subgid(5), subuid(5), useradd(8), userdel(8).