Provided by: podman_4.3.1+ds1-5ubuntu1_amd64 
NAME
podman-pod-create - Create a new pod
SYNOPSIS
podman pod create [options] [name]
DESCRIPTION
Creates an empty pod, or unit of multiple containers, and prepares it to have containers
added to it. The pod can be created with a specific name. If a name is not given a random
name is generated. The pod id is printed to STDOUT. You can then use podman create --pod
<pod_id|pod_name> ... to add containers to the pod, and podman pod start <pod_id|pod_name>
to start the pod.
The operator can identify a pod in three ways: UUID long identifier
(“f78375b1c487e03c9438c729345e54db9d20cfa2ac1fc3494b6eb60872e74778”) UUID short identifier
(“f78375b1c487”) Name (“jonah”)
podman generates a UUID for each pod, and if a name is not assigned to the container with
--name then a random string name will be generated for it. The name is useful any place
you need to identify a pod.
Note: resource limit related flags work by setting the limits explicitly in the pod's
cgroup which by default, is the cgroup parent for all containers joining the pod.
Containers are still delegated the ability to set their own resource limits when joining a
pod meaning that if you run podman pod create --cpus=5 you can also run podman container
create --pod=<pod_id|pod_name> --cpus=4 and the container will only see the smaller limit.
containers do NOT get the pod level cgroup resources if they specify their own cgroup when
joining a pod such as --cgroupns=host
OPTIONS
--add-host=host:ip
Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
Add a line to /etc/hosts. The format is hostname:ip. The --add-host option can be set
multiple times. Conflicts with the --no-hosts option.
The /etc/hosts file is shared between all containers in the pod.
--blkio-weight=weight
Block IO relative weight. The weight is a value between 10 and 1000.
This option is not supported on cgroups V1 rootless systems.
--blkio-weight-device=device:weight
Block IO relative device weight.
--cgroup-parent=path
Path to cgroups under which the cgroup for the pod will be created. If the path is not
absolute, the path is considered to be relative to the cgroups path of the init process.
Cgroups will be created if they do not already exist.
--cpu-shares, -c=shares
CPU shares (relative weight).
By default, all containers get the same proportion of CPU cycles. This proportion can be
modified by changing the container's CPU share weighting relative to the combined weight
of all the running containers. Default weight is 1024.
The proportion will only apply when CPU-intensive processes are running. When tasks in
one container are idle, other containers can use the left-over CPU time. The actual amount
of CPU time will vary depending on the number of containers running on the system.
For example, consider three containers, one has a cpu-share of 1024 and two others have a
cpu-share setting of 512. When processes in all three containers attempt to use 100% of
CPU, the first container would receive 50% of the total CPU time. If a fourth container is
added with a cpu-share of 1024, the first container only gets 33% of the CPU. The
remaining containers receive 16.5%, 16.5% and 33% of the CPU.
On a multi-core system, the shares of CPU time are distributed over all CPU cores. Even if
a container is limited to less than 100% of CPU time, it can use 100% of each individual
CPU core.
For example, consider a system with more than three cores. If the container C0 is started
with --cpu-shares=512 running one process, and another container C1 with --cpu-shares=1024
running two processes, this can result in the following division of CPU shares:
┌────┬───────────┬─────┬──────────────┐
│PID │ container │ CPU │ CPU share │
├────┼───────────┼─────┼──────────────┤
│100 │ C0 │ 0 │ 100% of CPU0 │
├────┼───────────┼─────┼──────────────┤
│101 │ C1 │ 1 │ 100% of CPU1 │
├────┼───────────┼─────┼──────────────┤
│102 │ C1 │ 2 │ 100% of CPU2 │
└────┴───────────┴─────┴──────────────┘
On some systems, changing the resource limits may not be allowed for non-root users. For
more details, see
https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/main/troubleshooting.md#26-running-containers-
with-resource-limits-fails-with-a-permissions-error
This option is not supported on cgroups V1 rootless systems.
--cpus=amount
Set the total number of CPUs delegated to the pod. Default is 0.000 which indicates that
there is no limit on computation power.
--cpuset-cpus=number
CPUs in which to allow execution. Can be specified as a comma-separated list (e.g. 0,1),
as a range (e.g. 0-3), or any combination thereof (e.g. 0-3,7,11-15).
On some systems, changing the resource limits may not be allowed for non-root users. For
more details, see
https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/main/troubleshooting.md#26-running-containers-
with-resource-limits-fails-with-a-permissions-error
This option is not supported on cgroups V1 rootless systems.
--cpuset-mems=nodes
Memory nodes (MEMs) in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1). Only effective on NUMA
systems.
If there are four memory nodes on the system (0-3), use --cpuset-mems=0,1 then processes
in the container will only use memory from the first two memory nodes.
On some systems, changing the resource limits may not be allowed for non-root users. For
more details, see
https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/main/troubleshooting.md#26-running-containers-
with-resource-limits-fails-with-a-permissions-error
This option is not supported on cgroups V1 rootless systems.
--device=host-device[:container-device][:permissions]
Add a host device to the pod. Optional permissions parameter can be used to specify device
permissions by combining r for read, w for write, and m for mknod(2).
Example: --device=/dev/sdc:/dev/xvdc:rwm.
Note: if host-device is a symbolic link then it will be resolved first. The pod will only
store the major and minor numbers of the host device.
Podman may load kernel modules required for using the specified device. The devices that
Podman will load modules for when necessary are: /dev/fuse.
In rootless mode, the new device is bind mounted in the container from the host rather
than Podman creating it within the container space. Because the bind mount retains its
SELinux label on SELinux systems, the container can get permission denied when accessing
the mounted device. Modify SELinux settings to allow containers to use all device labels
via the following command:
$ sudo setsebool -P container_use_devices=true
Note: the pod implements devices by storing the initial configuration passed by the user
and recreating the device on each container added to the pod.
--device-read-bps=path:rate
Limit read rate (in bytes per second) from a device (e.g. --device-read-bps=/dev/sda:1mb).
On some systems, changing the resource limits may not be allowed for non-root users. For
more details, see
https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/main/troubleshooting.md#26-running-containers-
with-resource-limits-fails-with-a-permissions-error
This option is not supported on cgroups V1 rootless systems.
--device-write-bps=path:rate
Limit write rate (in bytes per second) to a device (e.g. --device-write-bps=/dev/sda:1mb).
On some systems, changing the resource limits may not be allowed for non-root users. For
more details, see
https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/main/troubleshooting.md#26-running-containers-
with-resource-limits-fails-with-a-permissions-error
This option is not supported on cgroups V1 rootless systems.
--dns=ipaddr
Set custom DNS servers in the /etc/resolv.conf file that will be shared between all
containers in the pod. A special option, "none" is allowed which disables creation of
/etc/resolv.conf for the pod.
--dns-option=option
Set custom DNS options in the /etc/resolv.conf file that will be shared between all
containers in the pod.
--dns-search=domain
Set custom DNS search domains in the /etc/resolv.conf file that will be shared between all
containers in the pod.
--exit-policy=continue | stop
Set the exit policy of the pod when the last container exits. Supported policies are:
┌────────────┬──────────────────────────────────┐
│Exit Policy │ Description │
├────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│continue │ The pod continues running, by │
│ │ keeping its infra container │
│ │ alive, when the last container │
│ │ exits. Used by default. │
├────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│stop │ The pod (including its infra │
│ │ container) is stopped when the │
│ │ last container exits. Used in │
│ │ kube play. │
└────────────┴──────────────────────────────────┘
--gidmap=pod_gid:host_gid:amount
GID map for the user namespace. Using this flag will run all containers in the pod with
user namespace enabled. It conflicts with the --userns and --subgidname flags.
--help, -h
Print usage statement.
--hostname=name
Set a hostname to the pod.
--infra
Create an infra container and associate it with the pod. An infra container is a
lightweight container used to coordinate the shared kernel namespace of a pod. Default:
true.
--infra-command=command
The command that will be run to start the infra container. Default: "/pause".
--infra-conmon-pidfile=file
Write the pid of the infra container's conmon process to a file. As conmon runs in a
separate process than Podman, this is necessary when using systemd to manage Podman
containers and pods.
--infra-image=image
The custom image that will be used for the infra container. Unless specified, Podman
builds a custom local image which does not require pulling down an image.
--infra-name=name
The name that will be used for the pod's infra container.
--ip=ipv4
Specify a static IPv4 address for the pod, for example 10.88.64.128. This option can only
be used if the pod is joined to only a single network - i.e., --network=network-name is
used at most once - and if the pod is not joining another container's network namespace
via --network=container:id. The address must be within the network's IP address pool
(default 10.88.0.0/16).
To specify multiple static IP addresses per pod, set multiple networks using the --network
option with a static IP address specified for each using the ip mode for that option.
--ip6=ipv6
Specify a static IPv6 address for the pod, for example fd46:db93:aa76:ac37::10. This
option can only be used if the pod is joined to only a single network - i.e.,
--network=network-name is used at most once - and if the pod is not joining another
container's network namespace via --network=container:id. The address must be within the
network's IPv6 address pool.
To specify multiple static IPv6 addresses per pod, set multiple networks using the
--network option with a static IPv6 address specified for each using the ip6 mode for that
option.
--label, -l=key=value
Add metadata to a pod.
--label-file=file
Read in a line-delimited file of labels.
--mac-address=address
Pod network interface MAC address (e.g. 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33) This option can only be used if
the pod is joined to only a single network - i.e., --network=network-name is used at most
once - and if the pod is not joining another container's network namespace via
--network=container:id.
Remember that the MAC address in an Ethernet network must be unique. The IPv6 link-local
address will be based on the device's MAC address according to RFC4862.
To specify multiple static MAC addresses per pod, set multiple networks using the
--network option with a static MAC address specified for each using the mac mode for that
option.
--memory, -m=number[unit]
Memory limit. A unit can be b (bytes), k (kibibytes), m (mebibytes), or g (gibibytes).
Allows the memory available to a container to be constrained. If the host supports swap
memory, then the -m memory setting can be larger than physical RAM. If a limit of 0 is
specified (not using -m), the container's memory is not limited. The actual limit may be
rounded up to a multiple of the operating system's page size (the value would be very
large, that's millions of trillions).
This option is not supported on cgroups V1 rootless systems.
--memory-swap=number[unit]
A limit value equal to memory plus swap. A unit can be b (bytes), k (kibibytes), m
(mebibytes), or g (gibibytes).
Must be used with the -m (--memory) flag. The argument value should always be larger than
that of
-m (--memory) By default, it is set to double the value of --memory.
Set number to -1 to enable unlimited swap.
This option is not supported on cgroups V1 rootless systems.
--name, -n=name
Assign a name to the pod.
--network=mode, --net
Set the network mode for the pod.
Valid mode values are:
• bridge[:OPTIONS,...]: Create a network stack on the default bridge. This is the
default for rootful containers. It is possible to specify these additional
options:
• alias=name: Add network-scoped alias for the container.
• ip=IPv4: Specify a static ipv4 address for this container.
• ip=IPv6: Specify a static ipv6 address for this container.
• mac=MAC: Specify a static mac address for this container.
• interface_name: Specify a name for the created network interface inside the
container.
For example to set a static ipv4 address and a static mac address, use --network
bridge:ip=10.88.0.10,mac=44:33:22:11:00:99. - <network name or ID>[:OPTIONS,...]: Connect
to a user-defined network; this is the network name or ID from a network created by podman
network create. Using the network name implies the bridge network mode. It is possible to
specify the same options described under the bridge mode above. You can use the --network
option multiple times to specify additional networks. - none: Create a network namespace
for the container but do not configure network interfaces for it, thus the container has
no network connectivity. - container:id: Reuse another container's network stack. -
host: Do not create a network namespace, the container will use the host's network. Note:
The host mode gives the container full access to local system services such as D-bus and
is therefore considered insecure. - ns:path: Path to a network namespace to join. -
private: Create a new namespace for the container. This will use the bridge mode for
rootful containers and slirp4netns for rootless ones. - slirp4netns[:OPTIONS,...]: use
slirp4netns(1) to create a user network stack. This is the default for rootless
containers. It is possible to specify these additional options, they can also be set with
network_cmd_options in containers.conf:
- allow_host_loopback=true|false: Allow slirp4netns to reach the host loopback IP
(default is 10.0.2.2 or the second IP from slirp4netns cidr subnet when changed, see the
cidr option below). The default is false.
- mtu=MTU: Specify the MTU to use for this network. (Default is 65520).
- cidr=CIDR: Specify ip range to use for this network. (Default is 10.0.2.0/24).
- enable_ipv6=true|false: Enable IPv6. Default is true. (Required for outbound_addr6).
- outbound_addr=INTERFACE: Specify the outbound interface slirp should bind to (ipv4
traffic only).
- outbound_addr=IPv4: Specify the outbound ipv4 address slirp should bind to.
- outbound_addr6=INTERFACE: Specify the outbound interface slirp should bind to (ipv6
traffic only).
- outbound_addr6=IPv6: Specify the outbound ipv6 address slirp should bind to.
- port_handler=rootlesskit: Use rootlesskit for port forwarding. Default.
Note: Rootlesskit changes the source IP address of incoming packets to an IP address in
the container network namespace, usually 10.0.2.100. If your application requires the real
source IP address, e.g. web server logs, use the slirp4netns port handler. The rootlesskit
port handler is also used for rootless containers when connected to user-defined networks.
- port_handler=slirp4netns: Use the slirp4netns port forwarding, it is slower than
rootlesskit but preserves the correct source IP address. This port handler cannot be used
for user-defined networks.
Invalid if using --dns, --dns-option, or --dns-search with --network set to none or
container:id.
--network-alias=alias
Add a network-scoped alias for the pod, setting the alias for all networks that the
container joins. To set a name only for a specific network, use the alias option as
described under the --network option. If the network has DNS enabled (podman network
inspect -f {{.DNSEnabled}} <name>), these aliases can be used for name resolution on the
given network. This option can be specified multiple times. NOTE: When using CNI a pod
will only have access to aliases on the first network that it joins. This limitation does
not exist with netavark/aardvark-dns.
--no-hosts
Do not create /etc/hosts for the pod. By default, Podman will manage /etc/hosts, adding
the container's own IP address and any hosts from --add-host. --no-hosts disables this,
and the image's /etc/hosts will be preserved unmodified.
This option conflicts with --add-host.
--pid=pid
Set the PID mode for the pod. The default is to create a private PID namespace for the
pod. Requires the PID namespace to be shared via --share.
host: use the host’s PID namespace for the pod
ns: join the specified PID namespace
private: create a new namespace for the pod (default)
--pod-id-file=path
Write the pod ID to the file.
--publish, -p=[[ip:][hostPort]:]containerPort[/protocol]
Publish a container's port, or range of ports, within this pod to the host.
Both hostPort and containerPort can be specified as a range of ports. When specifying
ranges for both, the number of container ports in the range must match the number of host
ports in the range.
If host IP is set to 0.0.0.0 or not set at all, the port will be bound on all IPs on the
host.
By default, Podman will publish TCP ports. To publish a UDP port instead, give udp as
protocol. To publish both TCP and UDP ports, set --publish twice, with tcp, and udp as
protocols respectively. Rootful containers can also publish ports using the sctp protocol.
Host port does not have to be specified (e.g. podman run -p 127.0.0.1::80). If it is not,
the container port will be randomly assigned a port on the host.
Use podman port to see the actual mapping: podman port $CONTAINER $CONTAINERPORT.
Note: You must not publish ports of containers in the pod individually, but only by the
pod itself.
Note: This cannot be modified once the pod is created.
--replace
If another pod with the same name already exists, replace and remove it. The default is
false.
--security-opt=option
Security Options
• apparmor=unconfined : Turn off apparmor confinement for the pod
• apparmor=your-profile : Set the apparmor confinement profile for the pod
• label=user:USER : Set the label user for the pod processes
• label=role:ROLE : Set the label role for the pod processes
• label=type:TYPE : Set the label process type for the pod processes
• label=level:LEVEL : Set the label level for the pod processes
• label=filetype:TYPE : Set the label file type for the pod files
• label=disable : Turn off label separation for the pod
Note: Labeling can be disabled for all pods/containers by setting label=false in the
containers.conf (/etc/containers/containers.conf or
$HOME/.config/containers/containers.conf) file.
• mask=/path/1:/path/2 : The paths to mask separated by a colon. A masked path
cannot be accessed inside the containers within the pod.
• no-new-privileges : Disable container processes from gaining additional
privileges
• seccomp=unconfined : Turn off seccomp confinement for the pod
• seccomp=profile.json : Whitelisted syscalls seccomp Json file to be used as a
seccomp filter
• proc-opts=OPTIONS : Comma-separated list of options to use for the /proc mount.
More details for the possible mount options are specified in the proc(5) man
page.
• unmask=ALL or /path/1:/path/2, or shell expanded paths (/proc/*): Paths to unmask
separated by a colon. If set to ALL, it will unmask all the paths that are masked
or made read-only by default. The default masked paths are /proc/acpi,
/proc/kcore, /proc/keys, /proc/latency_stats, /proc/sched_debug, /proc/scsi,
/proc/timer_list, /proc/timer_stats, /sys/firmware, and /sys/fs/selinux. The
default paths that are read-only are /proc/asound, /proc/bus, /proc/fs,
/proc/irq, /proc/sys, /proc/sysrq-trigger, /sys/fs/cgroup.
Note: Labeling can be disabled for all containers by setting label=false in the
containers.conf (/etc/containers/containers.conf or
$HOME/.config/containers/containers.conf) file.
--share=namespace
A comma-separated list of kernel namespaces to share. If none or "" is specified, no
namespaces will be shared and the infra container will not be created unless expiclity
specified via --infra=true. The namespaces to choose from are cgroup, ipc, net, pid, uts.
If the option is prefixed with a "+" then the namespace is appended to the default list,
otherwise it replaces the default list. Defaults matches Kubernetes default (ipc, net,
uts)
--share-parent
This boolean determines whether or not all containers entering the pod will use the pod as
their cgroup parent. The default value of this flag is true. If you are looking to share
the cgroup namespace rather than a cgroup parent in a pod, use --share
Note: This options conflict with --share=cgroup since that would set the pod as the cgroup
parent but enter the container into the same cgroupNS as the infra container.
--shm-size=number[unit]
Size of /dev/shm. A unit can be b (bytes), k (kibibytes), m (mebibytes), or g (gibibytes).
If the unit is omitted, the system uses bytes. If the size is omitted, the default is 64m.
When size is 0, there is no limit on the amount of memory used for IPC by the pod. This
option conflicts with --ipc=host.
--subgidname=name
Run the container in a new user namespace using the map with name in the /etc/subgid file.
If running rootless, the user needs to have the right to use the mapping. See subgid(5).
This flag conflicts with --userns and --gidmap.
--subuidname=name
Run the container in a new user namespace using the map with name in the /etc/subuid file.
If running rootless, the user needs to have the right to use the mapping. See subuid(5).
This flag conflicts with --userns and --uidmap.
--sysctl=name=value
Configure namespaced kernel parameters for all containers in the pod.
For the IPC namespace, the following sysctls are allowed:
• kernel.msgmax
• kernel.msgmnb
• kernel.msgmni
• kernel.sem
• kernel.shmall
• kernel.shmmax
• kernel.shmmni
• kernel.shm_rmid_forced
• Sysctls beginning with fs.mqueue.*
Note: if the ipc namespace is not shared within the pod, the above sysctls are not
allowed.
For the network namespace, only sysctls beginning with net.* are allowed.
Note: if the network namespace is not shared within the pod, the above sysctls are not
allowed.
--uidmap=container_uid:from_uid:amount
Run all containers in the pod in a new user namespace using the supplied mapping. This
option conflicts with the --userns and --subuidname options. This option provides a way to
map host UIDs to container UIDs. It can be passed several times to map different ranges.
--userns=mode
Set the user namespace mode for all the containers in a pod. It defaults to the
PODMAN_USERNS environment variable. An empty value ("") means user namespaces are
disabled.
Rootless user --userns=Key mappings:
┌────────┬───────────┬──────────────────────────┐
│Key │ Host User │ Container User │
├────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│"" │ $UID │ 0 (Default User account │
│ │ │ mapped to root user in │
│ │ │ container.) │
├────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│keep-id │ $UID │ $UID (Map user account │
│ │ │ to same UID within │
│ │ │ container.) │
├────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│auto │ $UID │ nil (Host User UID is │
│ │ │ not mapped into │
│ │ │ container.) │
├────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│nomap │ $UID │ nil (Host User UID is │
│ │ │ not mapped into │
│ │ │ container.) │
└────────┴───────────┴──────────────────────────┘
Valid mode values are:
• auto[:OPTIONS,...]: automatically create a namespace. It is possible to specify
these options to auto:
• gidmapping=_CONTAINER_GID:HOSTGID:SIZE to force a GID mapping to be present in
the user namespace.
• size=SIZE: to specify an explicit size for the automatic user namespace. e.g.
--userns=auto:size=8192. If size is not specified, auto will estimate a size for
the user namespace.
• uidmapping=_CONTAINER_UID:HOSTUID:SIZE to force a UID mapping to be present in
the user namespace.
• host: run in the user namespace of the caller. The processes running in the
container will have the same privileges on the host as any other process launched
by the calling user (default).
• keep-id: creates a user namespace where the current rootless user's UID:GID are
mapped to the same values in the container. This option is not allowed for
containers created by the root user.
• nomap: creates a user namespace where the current rootless user's UID:GID are not
mapped into the container. This option is not allowed for containers created by
the root user.
--uts=mode
Set the UTS namespace mode for the pod. The following values are supported:
• host: use the host's UTS namespace inside the pod.
• private: create a new namespace for the pod (default).
• ns:[path]: run the pod in the given existing UTS namespace.
--volume, -v=[[SOURCE-VOLUME|HOST-DIR:]CONTAINER-DIR[:OPTIONS]]
Create a bind mount. If -v /HOST-DIR:/CONTAINER-DIR is specified, Podman bind mounts
/HOST-DIR from the host into /CONTAINER-DIR in the Podman container. Similarly, -v SOURCE-
VOLUME:/CONTAINER-DIR will mount the named volume from the host into the container. If no
such named volume exists, Podman will create one. If no source is given, the volume will
be created as an anonymously named volume with a randomly generated name, and will be
removed when the pod is removed via the --rm flag or the podman rm --volumes command.
(Note when using the remote client, including Mac and Windows (excluding WSL2) machines,
the volumes will be mounted from the remote server, not necessarily the client machine.)
The OPTIONS is a comma-separated list and can be: [1] ⟨#Footnote1⟩
• rw|ro
• z|Z
• [O]
• [U]
• [no]copy
• [no]dev
• [no]exec
• [no]suid
• [r]bind
• [r]shared|[r]slave|[r]private[r]unbindable
The CONTAINER-DIR must be an absolute path such as /src/docs. The volume will be mounted
into the container at this directory.
If a volume source is specified, it must be a path on the host or the name of a named
volume. Host paths are allowed to be absolute or relative; relative paths are resolved
relative to the directory Podman is run in. If the source does not exist, Podman will
return an error. Users must pre-create the source files or directories.
Any source that does not begin with a . or / will be treated as the name of a named
volume. If a volume with that name does not exist, it will be created. Volumes created
with names are not anonymous, and they are not removed by the --rm option and the podman
rm --volumes command.
Specify multiple -v options to mount one or more volumes into a pod.
Write Protected Volume Mounts
Add :ro or :rw option to mount a volume in read-only or read-write mode, respectively. By
default, the volumes are mounted read-write. See examples.
Chowning Volume Mounts
By default, Podman does not change the owner and group of source volume directories
mounted into containers. If a pod is created in a new user namespace, the UID and GID in
the container may correspond to another UID and GID on the host.
The :U suffix tells Podman to use the correct host UID and GID based on the UID and GID
within the pod, to change recursively the owner and group of the source volume.
Warning use with caution since this will modify the host filesystem.
Labeling Volume Mounts
Labeling systems like SELinux require that proper labels are placed on volume content
mounted into a pod. Without a label, the security system might prevent the processes
running inside the pod from using the content. By default, Podman does not change the
labels set by the OS.
To change a label in the pod context, add either of two suffixes :z or :Z to the volume
mount. These suffixes tell Podman to relabel file objects on the shared volumes. The z
option tells Podman that two pods share the volume content. As a result, Podman labels the
content with a shared content label. Shared volume labels allow all containers to
read/write content. The Z option tells Podman to label the content with a private
unshared label. Only the current pod can use a private volume.
Note: Do not relabel system files and directories. Relabeling system content might cause
other confined services on your machine to fail. For these types of containers we
recommend disabling SELinux separation. The option --security-opt label=disable disables
SELinux separation for the pod. For example if a user wanted to volume mount their entire
home directory into a pod, they need to disable SELinux separation.
$ podman pod create --security-opt label=disable -v $HOME:/home/user fedora touch /home/user/file
Overlay Volume Mounts
The :O flag tells Podman to mount the directory from the host as a temporary storage using
the overlay file system. The pod processes can modify content within the mountpoint which
is stored in the container storage in a separate directory. In overlay terms, the source
directory will be the lower, and the container storage directory will be the upper.
Modifications to the mount point are destroyed when the pod finishes executing, similar to
a tmpfs mount point being unmounted.
For advanced users, the overlay option also supports custom non-volatile upperdir and
workdir for the overlay mount. Custom upperdir and workdir can be fully managed by the
users themselves, and Podman will not remove it on lifecycle completion. Example
:O,upperdir=/some/upper,workdir=/some/work
Subsequent executions of the container will see the original source directory content, any
changes from previous pod executions no longer exist.
One use case of the overlay mount is sharing the package cache from the host into the
container to allow speeding up builds.
Note:
- The `O` flag conflicts with other options listed above.
Content mounted into the container is labeled with the private label.
On SELinux systems, labels in the source directory must be readable by the pod
infra container label. Usually containers can read/execute container_share_t and can
read/write container_file_t. If unable to change the labels on a source volume, SELinux
container separation must be disabled for the pod or infra container to work.
- The source directory mounted into the pod with an overlay mount should not be
modified, it can cause unexpected failures. It is recommended to not modify the directory
until the container finishes running.
Mounts propagation
By default bind mounted volumes are private. That means any mounts done inside the pod
will not be visible on host and vice versa. One can change this behavior by specifying a
volume mount propagation property. Making a volume shared mounts done under that volume
inside the pod will be visible on host and vice versa. Making a volume slave enables only
one way mount propagation and that is mounts done on host under that volume will be
visible inside container but not the other way around. [1] ⟨#Footnote1⟩
To control mount propagation property of a volume one can use the [r]shared, [r]slave,
[r]private or the [r]unbindable propagation flag. Propagation property can be specified
only for bind mounted volumes and not for internal volumes or named volumes. For mount
propagation to work the source mount point (the mount point where source dir is mounted
on) has to have the right propagation properties. For shared volumes, the source mount
point has to be shared. And for slave volumes, the source mount point has to be either
shared or slave. [1] ⟨#Footnote1⟩
To recursively mount a volume and all of its submounts into a pod, use the rbind option.
By default the bind option is used, and submounts of the source directory will not be
mounted into the pod.
Mounting the volume with the nosuid options means that SUID applications on the volume
will not be able to change their privilege. By default volumes are mounted with nosuid.
Mounting the volume with the noexec option means that no executables on the volume will be
able to be executed within the pod.
Mounting the volume with the nodev option means that no devices on the volume will be able
to be used by processes within the pod. By default volumes are mounted with nodev.
If the HOST-DIR is a mount point, then dev, suid, and exec options are ignored by the
kernel.
Use df HOST-DIR to figure out the source mount, then use findmnt -o TARGET,PROPAGATION
source-mount-dir to figure out propagation properties of source mount. If findmnt(1)
utility is not available, then one can look at the mount entry for the source mount point
in /proc/self/mountinfo. Look at the "optional fields" and see if any propagation
properties are specified. In there, shared:N means the mount is shared, master:N means
mount is slave, and if nothing is there, the mount is private. [1] ⟨#Footnote1⟩
To change propagation properties of a mount point, use mount(8) command. For example, if
one wants to bind mount source directory /foo, one can do mount --bind /foo /foo and mount
--make-private --make-shared /foo. This will convert /foo into a shared mount point.
Alternatively, one can directly change propagation properties of source mount. Say / is
source mount for /foo, then use mount --make-shared / to convert / into a shared mount.
Note: if the user only has access rights via a group, accessing the volume from inside a
rootless pod will fail.
--volumes-from=CONTAINER[:OPTIONS]
Mount volumes from the specified container(s). Used to share volumes between containers
and pods. The options is a comma-separated list with the following available elements:
• rw|ro
• z
Mounts already mounted volumes from a source container onto another pod. CONTAINER may be
a name or ID. To share a volume, use the --volumes-from option when running the target
container. Volumes can be shared even if the source container is not running.
By default, Podman mounts the volumes in the same mode (read-write or read-only) as it is
mounted in the source container. This can be changed by adding a ro or rw option.
Labeling systems like SELinux require that proper labels are placed on volume content
mounted into a pod. Without a label, the security system might prevent the processes
running inside the container from using the content. By default, Podman does not change
the labels set by the OS.
To change a label in the pod context, add z to the volume mount. This suffix tells Podman
to relabel file objects on the shared volumes. The z option tells Podman that two entities
share the volume content. As a result, Podman labels the content with a shared content
label. Shared volume labels allow all containers to read/write content.
If the location of the volume from the source container overlaps with data residing on a
target pod, then the volume hides that data on the target.
EXAMPLES
$ podman pod create --name test
$ podman pod create mypod
$ podman pod create --infra=false
$ podman pod create --infra-command /top toppod
$ podman pod create --publish 8443:443
$ podman pod create --network slirp4netns:outbound_addr=127.0.0.1,allow_host_loopback=true
$ podman pod create --network slirp4netns:cidr=192.168.0.0/24
$ podman pod create --network net1:ip=10.89.1.5 --network net2:ip=10.89.10.10
SEE ALSO
podman(1), podman-pod(1), podman-kube-play(1), containers.conf(1), cgroups(7)
HISTORY
July 2018, Originally compiled by Peter Hunt pehunt@redhat.com ⟨mailto:pehunt@redhat.com⟩
FOOTNOTES
1: The Podman project is committed to inclusivity, a core value of open source. The master
and slave mount propagation terminology used here is problematic and divisive, and should
be changed. However, these terms are currently used within the Linux kernel and must be
used as-is at this time. When the kernel maintainers rectify this usage, Podman will
follow suit immediately.
podman-pod-create(1)