oracular (3) Math::GSL::RNG.3pm.gz
NAME
Math::GSL::RNG - Random Number Generators
SYNOPSIS
use Math::GSL::RNG;
my $rng = Math::GSL::RNG->new;
my @random = $rng->get(100);
Object Oriented Interface
Math::GSL::RNG->new($type, $seed)
my $rng = Math::GSL::RNG->new;
my $rng = Math::GSL::RNG->new($gsl_rng_knuthran,5);
Creates a new RNG object of type $type, seeded with $seed. Both of these parameters are optional. The
type $gsl_rng_default is used when no $type is given.
copy()
my $copy = $rng->copy;
Make a copy of a RNG object.
free()
$rng->free();
Free memory associated with RNG object.
name()
my $name = $rng->name();
Get the name of the RNG object as a string.
get()
my $nextval = $rng->get;
my (@values) = $rng->get(100);
Get the next random value from the RNG object. If given an integer N, returns the next N values.
raw()
my $raw = $rng->raw();
Return the raw GSL RNG object, useful for functions which take a RNG, such as the Monte Carlo integration
functions or the random number distribution functions in Math::GSL::Randist.
shuffle()
my @array = $rng->shuffle(@other_array);
Given a RNG, shuffle an array.
choose()
my @array = $rng->choose(4, @other_array);
This function fills the destination array with k objects taken randomly from the n elements of the array
argument. The objects are sampled without replacement, thus each object can only appear once in
destination array. It is required that k be less than or equal to n.
sample()
my @array = $rng->sample(4, @other_array);
This method is like "choose" but samples k items from the original array of n items src with replacement,
so the same object can appear more than once in the output sequence dest. There is no requirement that k
be less than n in this case.
GSL API Interface
gsl_rng_alloc($T) - This function returns a pointer to a newly-created instance of a random number
generator of type $T. $T must be one of the constants below. The generator is automatically initialized
with the default seed, $gsl_rng_default.
gsl_rng_set($r, $s) - This function initializes (or `seeds') the random number generator. If the
generator is seeded with the same value of $s on two different runs, the same stream of random numbers
will be generated by successive calls to the routines below. If different values of $s are supplied, then
the generated streams of random numbers should be completely different. If the seed $s is zero then the
standard seed from the original implementation is used instead. For example, the original Fortran source
code for the ranlux generator used a seed of 314159265, and so choosing $s equal to zero reproduces this
when using $gsl_rng_ranlux.
gsl_rng_get($r) - This function returns a random integer from the generator $r. The minimum and maximum
values depend on the algorithm used, but all integers in the range [min,max] are equally likely. The
values of min and max can determined using the auxiliary functions gsl_rng_max($r) and gsl_rng_min($r).
gsl_rng_free($r) - This function frees all the memory associated with the generator $r.
gsl_rng_memcpy($dest, $src) - This function copies the random number generator $src into the pre-existing
generator $dest, making $dest into an exact copy of $src. The two generators must be of the same type.
gsl_rng_uniform($r) - This function returns a double precision floating point number uniformly
distributed in the range [0,1). The range includes 0.0 but excludes 1.0. The value is typically obtained
by dividing the result of gsl_rng_get($r) by gsl_rng_max($r) + 1.0 in double precision. Some generators
compute this ratio internally so that they can provide floating point numbers with more than 32 bits of
randomness (the maximum number of bits that can be portably represented in a single unsigned long int).
gsl_rng_uniform_pos($r) - This function returns a positive double precision floating point number
uniformly distributed in the range (0,1), excluding both 0.0 and 1.0. The number is obtained by sampling
the generator with the algorithm of gsl_rng_uniform until a non-zero value is obtained. You can use this
function if you need to avoid a singularity at 0.0.
gsl_rng_uniform_int($r, $n) - This function returns a random integer from 0 to $n-1 inclusive by scaling
down and/or discarding samples from the generator $r. All integers in the range [0,$n-1] are produced
with equal probability. For generators with a non-zero minimum value an offset is applied so that zero is
returned with the correct probability. Note that this function is designed for sampling from ranges
smaller than the range of the underlying generator. The parameter $n must be less than or equal to the
range of the generator $r. If $n is larger than the range of the generator then the function calls the
error handler with an error code of $GSL_EINVAL and returns zero. In particular, this function is not
intended for generating the full range of unsigned integer values [0,2^32-1]. Instead choose a generator
with the maximal integer range and zero minimum value, such as $gsl_rng_ranlxd1, $gsl_rng_mt19937 or
$gsl_rng_taus, and sample it directly using gsl_rng_get. The range of each generator can be found using
the auxiliary functions described in the next section.
gsl_rng_fwrite($stream, $r) - This function writes the random number state of the random number generator
$r to the stream $stream (opened with the gsl_fopen function from the Math::GSL module) in binary format.
The return value is 0 for success and $GSL_EFAILED if there was a problem writing to the file. Since the
data is written in the native binary format it may not be portable between different architectures.
gsl_rng_fread($stream, $r) - This function reads the random number state into the random number generator
$r from the open stream $stream (opened with the gsl_fopen function from the Math::GSL module) in binary
format. The random number generator $r must be preinitialized with the correct random number generator
type since type information is not saved. The return value is 0 for success and $GSL_EFAILED if there was
a problem reading from the file. The data is assumed to have been written in the native binary format on
the same architecture.
gsl_rng_clone($r) - This function returns a pointer to a newly created generator which is an exact copy
of the generator $r.
gsl_rng_max($r) - This function returns the largest value that gsl_rng_get can return.
gsl_rng_min($r) - gsl_rng_min returns the smallest value that gsl_rng_get can return. Usually this value
is zero. There are some generators with algorithms that cannot return zero, and for these generators the
minimum value is 1.
gsl_rng_name($r) - This function returns a pointer to the name of the generator. For example,
print "r is a " . gsl_rng_name($r) . "generator\n";
would print something like r is a 'taus' generator.
gsl_rng_size($r) - This function returns the size of the state of generator $r. You can use this
information to access the state directly.
gsl_rng_state($r) - This function returns a pointer to the state of generator $r. You can use this
information to access the state directly.
gsl_rng_print_state($r)
Random Number Generator Types
$gsl_rng_default
$gsl_rng_knuthran
$gsl_rng_ran0
$gsl_rng_borosh13
$gsl_rng_coveyou
$gsl_rng_cmrg
$gsl_rng_fishman18
$gsl_rng_fishman20
$gsl_rng_fishman2x - This is the L'Ecuyer-Fishman random number generator. It is taken from Knuth's
Seminumerical Algorithms, 3rd Ed., page 108. Its sequence is, z_{n+1} = (x_n - y_n) mod m with m = 2^31 -
1. x_n and y_n are given by the fishman20 and lecuyer21 algorithms. The seed specifies the initial value,
x_1.
$gsl_rng_gfsr4
$gsl_rng_knuthran
$gsl_rng_knuthran2
$gsl_rng_knuthran2002
$gsl_rng_lecuyer21
$gsl_rng_minstd
$gsl_rng_mrg
$gsl_rng_mt19937
$gsl_rng_mt19937_1999
$gsl_rng_mt19937_1998
$gsl_rng_r250
$gsl_rng_ran0
$gsl_rng_ran1
$gsl_rng_ran2
$gsl_rng_ran3
$gsl_rng_rand - This is the BSD rand generator. Its sequence is x_{n+1} = (a x_n + c) mod m with a =
1103515245, c = 12345 and m = 2^31. The seed specifies the initial value, x_1. The period of this
generator is 2^31, and it uses 1 word of storage per generator.
$gsl_rng_rand48
$gsl_rng_random128_bsd
$gsl_rng_random128_gli
$gsl_rng_random128_lib
$gsl_rng_random256_bsd
$gsl_rng_random256_gli
$gsl_rng_random256_lib
$gsl_rng_random32_bsd
$gsl_rng_random32_glib
$gsl_rng_random32_libc
$gsl_rng_random64_bsd
$gsl_rng_random64_glib
$gsl_rng_random64_libc
$gsl_rng_random8_bsd
$gsl_rng_random8_glibc
$gsl_rng_random8_libc5
$gsl_rng_random_bsd
$gsl_rng_random_glibc2
$gsl_rng_random_libc5
$gsl_rng_randu
$gsl_rng_ranf
$gsl_rng_ranlux
$gsl_rng_ranlux389
$gsl_rng_ranlxd1
$gsl_rng_ranlxd2
$gsl_rng_ranlxs0
$gsl_rng_ranlxs1
$gsl_rng_ranlxs2
$gsl_rng_ranmar - This is the RANMAR lagged-fibonacci generator of Marsaglia, Zaman and Tsang. It is a
24-bit generator, originally designed for single-precision IEEE floating point numbers. It was included
in the CERNLIB high-energy physics library.
$gsl_rng_slatec - This is the SLATEC random number generator RAND. It is ancient. The original source
code is available from NETLIB.
$gsl_rng_taus
$gsl_rng_taus2
$gsl_rng_taus113
$gsl_rng_transputer
$gsl_rng_tt800
$gsl_rng_uni
$gsl_rng_uni32
$gsl_rng_vax - This is the VAX generator MTH$RANDOM. Its sequence is, x_{n+1} = (a x_n + c) mod m with a
= 69069, c = 1 and m = 2^32. The seed specifies the initial value, x_1. The period of this generator is
2^32 and it uses 1 word of storage per generator.
$gsl_rng_waterman14
$gsl_rng_zuf - This is the ZUFALL lagged Fibonacci series generator of Peterson. Its sequence is,
t = u_{n-273} + u_{n-607}
u_n = t - floor(t)
The original source code is available from NETLIB. For more information see,
* W. Petersen, “Lagged Fibonacci Random Number Generators for the NEC SX-3”, International Journal of High Speed Computing (1994).
For more information on the functions, we refer you to the GSL official documentation:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gsl/manual/html_node/>
EXAMPLES
The following example will print out a list a random integers between certain minimum and maximum values.
The command line arguments are first the number of random numbers wanted, the minimum and then maximum.
The defaults are 10, 0 and 100, respectively.
use Math::GSL::RNG qw/:all/;
my $seed = int rand(100);
my $rng = Math::GSL::RNG->new($gsl_rng_knuthran, $seed );
my ($num,$min,$max) = @ARGV;
$num ||= 10;
$min ||= 0;
$max ||= 100;
print join "\n", map { $min + $rng->get % ($max-$min+1) } (1..$num);
print "\n";
The $seed argument is optional but encouraged. This program is available in the examples/ directory that
comes with the source of this module.
If you would like a series of random non-integer numbers, then you can generate one "scaling factor" and
multiple by that, such as
use Math::GSL::RNG qw/:all/;
my $scale= rand(10);
my $seed = int rand(100);
my $rng = Math::GSL::RNG->new($gsl_rng_knuthran, $seed );
my ($num,$min,$max) = (10,0,100);
print join "\n", map { $scale*($min + $rng->get % ($max-$min+1)) } (1..$num);
print "\n";
AUTHORS
Jonathan "Duke" Leto <jonathan@leto.net> and Thierry Moisan <thierry.moisan@gmail.com>
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Copyright (C) 2008-2024 Jonathan "Duke" Leto and Thierry Moisan
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl
itself.