Provided by: passwd_4.17.4-2ubuntu2_amd64 
НАЗВАНИЕ
newusers - обновляет и создаёт новые учётные записи пользователей в пакетном режиме
СИНТАКСИС
newusers [options] [file]
ОПИСАНИЕ
The newusers command reads a file (or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update
a set of existing users or to create new users. Each line is in the same format as the standard password
file (see passwd(5)) with the exceptions explained below:
pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell
pw_name
Имя пользователя.
It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created before by
newusers). In case of an existing user, the user's information will be changed, otherwise a new user
will be created.
pw_passwd
Это поле будет зашифровано и использовано как новое значение шифрованного пароля.
pw_uid
Это поле используется для определения UID пользователя.
If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by newusers.
Если в этом поле указано число, то оно будет использовано в качестве UID.
If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created before by
newusers), the UID of the specified user will be used.
Если изменяется UID существующего пользователя, то у файлов, которыми владел этот пользователь, нужно
вручную переопределить владельца.
pw_gid
Это поле используется для определения ID первичной группы пользователя.
If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by newusers), the GID
of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user.
Если в этом поле содержится число, то это число будет использовано как ID первичной группы
пользователя. Если с таким GID не существует, то будет создана новая группа с этим GID и именем
пользователя.
If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be
automatically defined by newusers to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for
the new group.
If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by
newusers), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically
defined by newusers to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group.
pw_gecos
Это поле копируется в поле GECOS записи пользователя.
pw_dir
Это поле используется для определения домашнего каталога пользователя.
If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified directory is created, with
ownership set to the user being created or updated and its primary group. Note that newusers does not
create parent directories of the new user's home directory. The newusers command will fail to create
the home directory if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr
informing the user of the failure. The newusers command will not halt or return a failure to the
calling shell if it fails to create the home directory, it will continue to process the batch of new
users specified.
If the home directory of an existing user is changed, newusers does not move or copy the content of
the old directory to the new location. This should be done manually.
pw_shell
В этом поле задаётся пользовательская оболочка. Никаких проверок поля не делается.
newusers first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the
user or group databases. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are
committed to the databases.
Во время первого прохода пользователи создаются с заблокированными паролями (у несоздаваемых
пользователей пароли не изменяются). Во время второго прохода выполняется обновление паролей с помощью
PAM. При возникновении ошибок при обновлении об этом сообщается, но обновление паролей продолжается.
Данная команда предназначена для работы в крупных системных средах, где за один раз обновляется несколько
учётных записей.
ПАРАМЕТРЫ
The options which apply to the newusers command are:
--badname
Allow names that do not conform to standards.
-h, --help
Показать краткую справку и закончить работу.
-r, --system
Создать системную учётную запись.
System users will be created with no aging information in /etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers
are chosen in the SYS_UID_MIN-SYS_UID_MAX range, defined in login.defs, instead of UID_MIN-UID_MAX
(and their GID counterparts for the creation of groups).
-R, --root CHROOT_DIR
Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the CHROOT_DIR
directory. Only absolute paths are supported.
ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ
Файл с входными данными должен быть защищён, так как в нём содержатся не шифрованные пароли.
НАСТРОЙКА
The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:
GID_MAX (number), GID_MIN (number)
Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by useradd, groupadd, or newusers.
The default value for GID_MIN (resp. GID_MAX) is 1000 (resp. 60000).
HOME_MODE (number)
The mode for new home directories. If not specified, the UMASK is used to create the mode.
useradd and newusers use this to set the mode of the home directory they create.
MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP (number)
Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
/etc/group (with the same name, same password, and same GID).
The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group.
This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file. This is useful to
make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters.
If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25.
Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite). You should not
use this variable unless you really need it.
PASS_MAX_DAYS (number)
The maximum number of days a password may be used. If the password is older than this, a password
change will be forced. If not specified, -1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction).
PASS_MIN_DAYS (number)
The minimum number of days allowed between password changes. Any password changes attempted sooner
than this will be rejected. If not specified, 0 will be assumed (which disables the restriction).
PASS_WARN_AGE (number)
The number of days warning given before a password expires. A zero means warning is given only upon
the day of expiration, a value of -1 means no warning is given. If not specified, no warning will be
provided.
SUB_GID_MIN (number), SUB_GID_MAX (number), SUB_GID_COUNT (number)
If /etc/subuid exists, the commands useradd and newusers (unless the user already have subordinate
group IDs) allocate SUB_GID_COUNT unused group IDs from the range SUB_GID_MIN to SUB_GID_MAX for each
new user.
The default values for SUB_GID_MIN, SUB_GID_MAX, SUB_GID_COUNT are respectively 100000, 600100000 and
65536.
SUB_UID_MIN (number), SUB_UID_MAX (number), SUB_UID_COUNT (number)
If /etc/subuid exists, the commands useradd and newusers (unless the user already have subordinate
user IDs) allocate SUB_UID_COUNT unused user IDs from the range SUB_UID_MIN to SUB_UID_MAX for each
new user.
The default values for SUB_UID_MIN, SUB_UID_MAX, SUB_UID_COUNT are respectively 100000, 600100000 and
65536.
SYS_GID_MAX (number), SYS_GID_MIN (number)
Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by useradd, groupadd, or newusers.
The default value for SYS_GID_MIN (resp. SYS_GID_MAX) is 101 (resp. GID_MIN-1).
SYS_UID_MAX (number), SYS_UID_MIN (number)
Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by useradd or newusers.
The default value for SYS_UID_MIN (resp. SYS_UID_MAX) is 101 (resp. UID_MIN-1).
UID_MAX (number), UID_MIN (number)
Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by useradd or newusers.
The default value for UID_MIN (resp. UID_MAX) is 1000 (resp. 60000).
UMASK (number)
The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value. If not specified, the mask will be
initialized to 022.
useradd and newusers use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if HOME_MODE is
not set.
It is also used by pam_umask as the default umask value.
ФАЙЛЫ
/etc/passwd
содержит информацию о пользователях
/etc/shadow
содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
/etc/group
содержит информацию о группах
/etc/gshadow
содержит защищаемую информацию о группах
/etc/login.defs
содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей
/etc/pam.d/newusers
PAM configuration for newusers.
/etc/subgid
Per user subordinate group IDs.
/etc/subuid
Per user subordinate user IDs.
СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ
login.defs(5), passwd(1), subgid(5), subuid(5), useradd(8).
shadow-utils 4.17.4 09/06/2025 newusers(8)