NAME

       upsmon - UPS monitor and shutdown controller

SYNOPSIS

       upsmon -h

       upsmon -c command

       upsmon [-D] [-K] [-p] [-u user]

DESCRIPTION

       upsmon is the client process that is responsible for the most important part of UPS
       monitoring—shutting down the system when the power goes out. It can call out to other
       helper programs for notification purposes during power events.

       upsmon can monitor multiple systems using a single process. Every UPS that is defined in
       the upsmon.conf(5) configuration file is assigned a power value and a type (slave or
       master).

OPTIONS

       -h
           Display the help message.

       -c command
           Send the command command to the existing upsmon process. Valid commands are:

           fsd
               shutdown all master UPSes (use with caution)

           stop
               stop monitoring and exit

           reload
               reread upsmon.conf(5) configuration file. See "reloading nuances" below if this
               doesn’t work.

       -D
           Raise the debugging level. upsmon will run in the foreground and prints information on
           stdout about the monitoring process. Use this multiple times for more details.

       -K
           Test for the shutdown flag. If it exists and contains the magic string from upsmon,
           then upsmon will exit with EXIT_SUCCESS. Any other condition will make upsmon exit
           with EXIT_FAILURE.

           You can test for a successful exit from upsmon -K in your shutdown scripts to know
           when to call upsdrvctl(8) to shut down the UPS.

       -p
           Run privileged all the time. Normally upsmon will split into two processes. The
           majority of the code runs as an unprivileged user, and only a tiny stub runs as root.
           This switch will disable that mode, and run the old "all root all the time" system.

           This is not the recommended mode, and you should not use this unless you have a very
           good reason.

       -u user
           Set the user for the unprivileged monitoring process. This has no effect when using
           -p.

           The default user is set at configure time with configure --with-user=.... Typically
           this is nobody, but other distributions will probably have a specific nut user for
           this task. If your notification scripts need to run as a specific user, set it here.

           You can also set this in the upsmon.conf(5) file with the RUN_AS_USER directive.

UPS DEFINITIONS

       In the upsmon.conf(5), you must specify at least one UPS that will be monitored. Use the
       MONITOR directive.

           MONITOR 'system' 'powervalue' 'username' 'password' 'type'

       The system refers to a upsd(8) server, in the form upsname[@hostname[:port]]. The default
       hostname is "localhost". Some examples follow:

       •   "su700@mybox" means a UPS called "su700" on a system called "mybox". This is the
           normal form.

       •   "fenton@bigbox:5678" is a UPS called "fenton" on a system called "bigbox" which runs
           upsd(8) on port "5678".

       The powervalue refers to how many power supplies on this system are being driven this UPS.
       This is typically set to 1, but see the section on power values below.

       The username is a section in your upsd.users(5) file. Whatever password you set in that
       section must match the password set in this file.

       The type set in that section must also match the type here-- master or slave. In general,
       a master process is one running on the system with the UPS actually plugged into a serial
       port, and a slave is drawing power from the UPS but can’t talk to it directly. See the
       section on UPS types for more.

NOTIFY EVENTS

       upsmon senses several events as it monitors each UPS. They are called notify events as
       they can be used to tell the users and admins about the change in status. See the
       additional NOTIFY-related sections below for information on customizing the delivery of
       these messages.

       ONLINE
           The UPS is back on line.

       ONBATT
           The UPS is on battery.

       LOWBATT
           The UPS battery is low (as determined by the driver).

       FSD
           The UPS has been commanded into the "forced shutdown" mode.

       COMMOK
           Communication with the UPS has been established.

       COMMBAD
           Communication with the UPS was just lost.

       SHUTDOWN
           The local system is being shut down.

       REPLBATT
           The UPS needs to have its battery replaced.

       NOCOMM
           The UPS can’t be contacted for monitoring.

NOTIFY COMMAND

       In upsmon.conf(5), you can configure a program called the NOTIFYCMD that will handle
       events that occur.

       NOTIFYCMD "path to program"

       NOTIFYCMD "/usr/local/bin/notifyme"

       Remember to wrap the path in "quotes" if it contains any spaces.

       The program you run as your NOTIFYCMD can use the environment variables NOTIFYTYPE and
       UPSNAME to know what has happened and on which UPS. It also receives the notification
       message (see below) as the first (and only) argument, so you can deliver a preformatted
       message too.

       Note that the NOTIFYCMD will only be called for a given event when you set the EXEC flag
       by using the notify flags, below:

NOTIFY FLAGS

       By default, all notify events (see above) generate a global message (wall) to all users,
       plus they are logged via the syslog. You can change this with the NOTIFYFLAG directive in
       the configuration file:

       NOTIFYFLAG notifytype flags

       Examples:

       •    NOTIFYFLAG ONLINE SYSLOG

       •    NOTIFYFLAG ONBATT SYSLOG+WALL

       •    NOTIFYFLAG LOWBATT SYSLOG+WALL+EXEC

       The flags that can be set on a given notify event are:

       SYSLOG
           Write this message to the syslog.

       WALL
           Send this message to all users on the system via wall(1).

       EXEC
           Execute the NOTIFYCMD.

       IGNORE
           Don’t do anything. If you use this, don’t use any of the other flags.

       You can mix these flags. "SYSLOG+WALL+EXEC" does all three for a given event.

NOTIFY MESSAGES

       upsmon comes with default messages for each of the NOTIFY events. These can be changed
       with the NOTIFYMSG directive.

       NOTIFYMSG type "message"

       Examples:

       •    NOTIFYMSG ONLINE "UPS %s is getting line power"

       •   ` NOTIFYMSG ONBATT "Someone pulled the plug on %s"`

       The first instance of %s is replaced with the identifier of the UPS that generated the
       event. These messages are used when sending walls to the users directly from upsmon, and
       are also passed to the NOTIFYCMD.

POWER VALUES

       The "current overall power value" is the sum of all UPSes that are currently able to
       supply power to the system hosting upsmon. Any UPS that is either on line or just on
       battery contributes to this number. If a UPS is critical (on battery and low battery) or
       has been put into "forced shutdown" mode, it no longer contributes.

       A "power value" on a MONITOR line in the config file is the number of power supplies that
       the UPS runs on the current system.

       MONITOR upsname powervalue username password type

       Normally, you only have one power supply, so it will be set to 1.

       MONITOR myups@myhost 1 username mypassword master

       On a large server with redundant power supplies, the power value for a UPS may be greater
       than 1. You may also have more than one of them defined.

       MONITOR ups-alpha@myhost 2 username mypassword master

       MONITOR ups-beta@myhost 2 username mypassword master

       You can also set the power value for a UPS to 0 if it does not supply any power to that
       system. This is generally used when you want to use the upsmon notification features for a
       UPS even though it’s not actually running the system that hosts upsmon. Don’t set this to
       "master" unless you really want to power this UPS off when this instance of upsmon needs
       to shut down for its own reasons.

       MONITOR faraway@anotherbox 0 username mypassword slave

       The "minimum power value" is the number of power supplies that must be receiving power in
       order to keep the computer running.

       MINSUPPLIES value

       Typical PCs only have 1, so most users will leave this at the default.

       MINSUPPLIES 1

       If you have a server or similar system with redundant power, then this value will usually
       be set higher. One that requires three power supplies to be running at all times would
       simply set it to 3.

       MINSUPPLIES 3

       When the current overall power value drops below the minimum power value, upsmon starts
       the shutdown sequence. This design allows you to lose some of your power supplies in a
       redundant power environment without bringing down the entire system while still working
       properly for smaller systems.

UPS TYPES

       upsmon and upsd(8) don’t always run on the same system. When they do, any UPSes that are
       directly attached to the upsmon host should be monitored in "master" mode. This makes
       upsmon take charge of that equipment, and it will wait for slaves to disconnect before
       shutting down the local system. This allows the distant systems (monitoring over the
       network) to shut down cleanly before upsdrvctl shutdown runs and turns them all off.

       When upsmon runs as a slave, it is relying on the distant system to tell it about the
       state of the UPS. When that UPS goes critical (on battery and low battery), it immediately
       invokes the local shutdown command. This needs to happen quickly. Once it disconnects from
       the distant upsd(8) server, the master upsmon will start its own shutdown process. Your
       slaves must all shut down before the master turns off the power or filesystem damage may
       result.

       upsmon deals with slaves that get wedged, hang, or otherwise fail to disconnect from
       upsd(8) in a timely manner with the HOSTSYNC timer. During a shutdown situation, the
       master upsmon will give up after this interval and it will shut down anyway. This keeps
       the master from sitting there forever (which would endanger that host) if a slave should
       break somehow. This defaults to 15 seconds.

       If your master system is shutting down too quickly, set the FINALDELAY interval to
       something greater than the default 15 seconds. Don’t set this too high, or your UPS
       battery may run out of power before the master upsmon process shuts down that system.

TIMED SHUTDOWNS

       For those rare situations where the shutdown process can’t be completed between the time
       that low battery is signalled and the UPS actually powers off the load, use the
       upssched(8) helper program. You can use it along with upsmon to schedule a shutdown based
       on the "on battery" event. upssched can then come back to upsmon to initiate the shutdown
       once it has run on battery too long.

       This can be complicated and messy, so stick to the default critical UPS handling if you
       can.

REDUNDANT POWER SUPPLIES

       If you have more than one power supply for redundant power, you may also have more than
       one UPS feeding your computer. upsmon can handle this. Be sure to set the UPS power values
       appropriately and the MINSUPPLIES value high enough so that it keeps running until it
       really does need to shut down.

       For example, the HP NetServer LH4 by default has 3 power supplies installed, with one bay
       empty. It has two power cords, one per side of the box. This means that one power cord
       powers two power supply bays, and that you can only have two UPSes supplying power.

       Connect UPS "alpha" to the cord feeding two power supplies, and UPS "beta" to the cord
       that feeds the third and the empty slot. Define alpha as a powervalue of 2, and beta as a
       powervalue of 1. Set the MINSUPPLIES to 2.

       When alpha goes on battery, your current overall power value will stay at 3, as it’s still
       supplying power. However, once it goes critical (on battery and low battery), it will stop
       contributing to the current overall power value. That means the value will be 1 (beta
       alone), which is less than 2. That is insufficient to run the system, and upsmon will
       invoke the shutdown sequence.

       However, if beta goes critical, subtracting its contribution will take the current overall
       value from 3 to 2. This is just high enough to satisfy the minimum, so the system will
       continue running as before. If beta returns later, it will be re-added and the current
       value will go back to 3. This allows you to swap out UPSes, change a power configuration,
       or whatever, as long as you maintain the minimum power value at all times.

MIXED OPERATIONS

       Besides being able to monitor multiple UPSes, upsmon can also monitor them as different
       roles. If you have a system with multiple power supplies serviced by separate UPS
       batteries, it’s possible to be a master on one and a slave on the other. This usually
       happens when you run out of serial ports and need to do the monitoring through another
       system nearby.

       This is also complicated, especially when it comes time to power down a UPS that has gone
       critical but doesn’t supply the local system. You can do this with some scripting magic in
       your notify command script, but it’s beyond the scope of this manual.

FORCED SHUTDOWNS

       When upsmon is forced to bring down the local system, it sets the "FSD" (forced shutdown)
       flag on any UPSes that it is running in master mode. This is used to synchronize slaves in
       the event that a master UPS that is otherwise OK needs to be brought down due to some
       pressing event on the master.

       You can manually invoke this mode on the master upsmon by starting another copy with -c
       fsd. This is useful when you want to initiate a shutdown before the critical stage through
       some external means, such as upssched(8).

DEAD UPSES

       In the event that upsmon can’t reach upsd(8), it declares that UPS "dead" after some
       interval controlled by DEADTIME in the upsmon.conf(5). If this happens while that UPS was
       last known to be on battery, it is assumed to have gone critical and no longer contributes
       to the overall power value.

       upsmon will alert you to a UPS that can’t be contacted for monitoring with a "NOCOMM"
       notifier by default every 300 seconds. This can be changed with the NOCOMMWARNTIME
       setting.

RELOADING NUANCES

       upsmon usually gives up root powers for the process that does most of the work, including
       handling signals like SIGHUP to reload the configuration file. This means your
       upsmon.conf(8) file must be readable by the non-root account that upsmon switches to.

       If you want reloads to work, upsmon must run as some user that has permissions to read the
       configuration file. I recommend making a new user just for this purpose, as making the
       file readable by "nobody" (the default user) would be a bad idea.

       See the RUN_AS_USER section in upsmon.conf(8) for more on this topic.

       Additionally, you can’t change the SHUTDOWNCMD or POWERDOWNFLAG definitions with a reload
       due to the split-process model. If you change those values, you must stop upsmon and start
       it back up. upsmon will warn you in the syslog if you make changes to either of those
       values during a reload.

SIMULATING POWER FAILURES

       To test a synchronized shutdown without pulling the plug on your UPS(es), you need only
       set the forced shutdown (FSD) flag on them. You can do this by calling upsmon again to set
       the flag, i.e.:

       upsmon -c fsd

       After that, the master and the slaves will do their usual shutdown sequence as if the
       battery had gone critical. This is much easier on your UPS equipment, and it beats
       crawling under a desk to find the plug.

FILES

       upsmon.conf(5)

SEE ALSO

   Server:
       upsd(8)

   Clients:
       upsc(8), upscmd(8), upsrw(8), upsmon(8)

   CGI programs:
       upsset.cgi(8), upsstats.cgi(8), upsimage.cgi(8)

   Internet resources:
       The NUT (Network UPS Tools) home page: http://www.networkupstools.org/